2010 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
Project/Area Number |
19255003
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Research Institution | National Institute of Polar Research |
Principal Investigator |
神田 啓史 国立極地研究所, 名誉教授 (70099935)
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Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
増沢 武弘 静岡大学, 理学部, 教授 (40111801)
和田 直也 富山大学, 極東地域研究センター, 教授 (40272893)
久米 篤 九州大学, 農学部, 准教授 (20325492)
大園 享司 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 准教授 (90335307)
内田 雅己 国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助教 (70370096)
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Keywords | 炭素循環 / 植生 / 氷河後退域 / 遷移 / 陸上生態系 / 温暖化 / 蘇苔類 / 地衣類 / 菌類 |
Research Abstract |
本課題ではノルウェー北極及びカナダ北極の高緯度地域における氷河後退に伴う植生変化を中心に、気候システムの変動がツンドラ生態系に与える影響評価を目的としてきた。ノルウェー北極のスピッツベルゲン島では最終年度は2010年7月、種子植物、蘇苔類、地衣類、菌類とそれぞれの炭素循環等生理生態的な特性が環境とどう関わるかについて調査、とくに菌類の生態系における役割については、約60日に及ぶ調査を展開した。北極の氷河後退域では遷移の進行に伴う変化と、温暖化による環境変化が同時に進行しており、炭素循環機能はその両方の影響下にある。前者はリモートセンシング手法と遷移に沿った現地調査、後者はモデル解析によって研究を進めてきた。これにより、炭素の蓄積量や放出量などの経時的な変動や、温暖化による機能変化についての情報が得られ、陸上生態系の機能変化が気候環境にもたらすフィードバックに関する理解が得られた。一方、カナダ北極は植生の線的な広がりを観測することを視野に入れて、植生が緯度の異なった環境でどう変動するかを知るために、北極における高緯度から低緯度に至るまでの地域を対象に、調査が進められた。最終年度は8月、北極カナダ、コーンウオーリス島レゾリュートで環境と植生について調査した。小島でありながら基地周辺には見事な蘇苔類群落が広がる地域が多数、認められた。この島は高緯度地域の航空拠点あるいは前進基地として位置づけられているため、自然環境とはいくらか異なった人為的な排水、廃棄物等による富栄養化の影響が進んでいるという興味深い知見が得られた。
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Research Products
(40 results)
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[Journal Article] Vegetational development and carbon strage on a glacier foreland in the High Arctic, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Yoshitake, S., Uchida, M., Ohtsuka, T., Kanda, H., Koizumi, H., Nakatsubo, T.
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Journal Title
Polar Science : doi:10.1016/j.polar.2011.03.002
Volume: 5
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Seasonal shift in factors controlling net ecosystem production in a high Arctic terrestrial ecosystem.2010
Author(s)
Uchida, M, Kishimoto, A., Muraoka, H., Nakatsubo, T., Kanda, H., Koizumi, H.
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Journal Title
J.Plant Res.
Volume: 123
Pages: 79-85
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Air-lake exchange of methane during the open water season in Syowa Oasis, East Antarctica.2010
Author(s)
Sasaki, M., Endoh, N., Imura, S, Kudoh, S., Yamanouchi, T., Morimoto, S., Hashida, G.
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Journal Title
J.Geophysical Research, D16313, doi:10.1029/2010JD013822.,2010
Volume: 115
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Holocene paleolimnological changes in Lake Skallen Oike in the Syowa Station area of Antarctica inferred from organic components in a sediment core (Sk4C-02)2010
Author(s)
Matsumoto, G.I., Tani, Y., Seto, K., Tazawa, T., Yamamuro, M., Watanabe, T., Nakamura, T., Takemura, T., Imura, S., Kanda, H.
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Journal Title
J Paleolimnol.
Volume: 44
Pages: 677-693
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Psychroflexus lacisalsi sp.nov., a moderate halophilic bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake (Hunazoko-Ike) in Antarctica.2010
Author(s)
Zhang, H., Hosoi-Tanabe, S., Nagata, S., Ban, S., Imura, S.
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Journal Title
J.Microbiology
Volume: 48
Pages: 160-164
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Comprehensive analysis of an Antarctic bacterial community with the adaptability of growth at higher temperatures than those in Antarctica.2010
Author(s)
Hosoi-Tanabe, S., Zhang, H., Zhu, D., Nagata, S., Ban, S., Imura, S.
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Journal Title
Biocontrol Sci.
Volume: 15
Pages: 57-62
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Limnological characteristics of vertical structure in the lakes of Syowa oasis, East Antarctica.2010
Author(s)
Kimura, S., Ban, S., Imura, S., Kudoh, S., Matsuzaki, M.
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Journal Title
Polar Science
Volume: 3
Pages: 262-271
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Application of real-time PCR array to the multiple detection of antibiotic resistant genes in glacier ice samples.2010
Author(s)
Ushida, K., Segawa, T., Kohshima, S., Takeuchi, N., Fukui, K., Li, Z., Kanda, H.
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Journal Title
J.Gen.Appl.Microbial
Volume: 56
Pages: 43-52
Peer Reviewed
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[Journal Article] Colonization of the polar willow Salix polaris on the early stage of succession after glacier retreat in the High Arctic, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Nakatsubo, T., Fujiyoshi, M., Yoshitake, S., Koizumi, H., Uchida, M.
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Journal Title
Polar Research
Volume: 29
Pages: 385-390
Peer Reviewed
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[Presentation] Photosynthetic chracteristics and net production of biological soil crusts on aglacier foreland in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard2011
Author(s)
Uchida, M., Yoshitake, S., Koizumi, H., Kanda, H., Nakatsubo, T.
Organizer
ASSW Science Symposium
Place of Presentation
COEX, Seoul(招待講演)
Year and Date
2011-03-29
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[Presentation] Effect of tar spot disease on photosynthetic production of polar willow in Ny-Alesund, Svalvard, Norway2011
Author(s)
Masumoto, S., Uchida, M., Tojo, M., Imura, S.
Organizer
ASSW Science Symposium
Place of Presentation
COEX, Seoul
Year and Date
2011-03-29
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[Presentation] Exchange of greenhouse gas fluxes in relation to vegetation coverage on aglacier foreland in the high Arctic, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Kishimoto, A., Hayashi, K., Motohka, T.Uchida, M., Nakatsubo, T., Kanda, H.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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[Presentation] Vegetation development and carbon strage on a glacier foreland in the high Arctic, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Yoshitake, S., Uchida, M., Ohtsuka, T., Kanda, H., Koizumi, H., Nakatsubo, T.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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[Presentation] Soil respiration in a glacier foreland and Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Uchida, M., Yoshitake, S., Nakatsubo, T., Kanda, H.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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[Presentation] Features of nitrification and denitrification of an Arctic soil in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.2010
Author(s)
Hayashi, K., Hayatsu, M., Morimoto, S., Kishimoto, A., Motohka, T., Uchida, M., Nakatsubo, T.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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[Presentation] The heterotrophic respiration using old carbon in Arctic soil : Insight from compound-species radiocarbon analysis.2010
Author(s)
Uchida, M., Uchida, M., Utsumi, M., Kondo, M., Takahashi, Y., Shibata, Y.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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[Presentation] Constaraining radiocarbon signature of soil organic matter in tundra and boreal forest, Alaska.2010
Author(s)
Kondo, M., Uchida, M., Kim, Y., Utsumi, M., Shiozaki, T., Shibata, Y.
Organizer
Second International Symposium on the Arctic Research (ISAR-2)
Place of Presentation
Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Tokyo, Japan
Year and Date
2010-12-07
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