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2021 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Revealing causes of Paleozoic mass extinctions

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H00711
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

磯崎 行雄  東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 名誉教授 (90144914)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 澤木 佑介  東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 助教 (00635063)
石川 晃  東京工業大学, 理学院, 准教授 (20524507)
尾上 哲治  九州大学, 理学研究院, 教授 (60404472)
高畑 直人  東京大学, 大気海洋研究所, 助教 (90345059)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords古生代 / 大量絶滅 / 地球外要因 / グローバル寒冷化 / 原因の階層性
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

初年度に採取した岩石試料の分析を進め、以下の新知見を得た。過去の生物絶滅が起きたタイミングで堆積した地層中に地球外起源の3He濃集を検出し、高温をともなう隕石衝突とは別の低温プロセスを通して、地球外物質の大量追加が起きたと推定される。過去の寒冷期に起きた主要な大量絶滅の原因として、超新星爆発に起因する暗黒星雲の通過などの可能な過程を考察した。またモンゴル中央部の古生代付加体や日本国内の様々な年代の砂岩中の砕屑性ジルコン粒子について、個別のU-Pb年代測定を行い、絶滅事件前後の堆積後背地の策定を行なった。いずれも、大きなテクトニクス枠組みの理解を精密化させ、生物大量絶滅が起きた当時の古地理復元が具体的に進みつつある。これらの成果は、国内の学会で口頭発表された。また古生代末絶滅の前後での超海洋の環境変化についての野外調査と化学組成/同位体組成分析を国内で行い、絶滅に大きく先行して海洋が還元的に変化したこと、また通説となっている巨大火山活動だけでは、グローバル環境変化と絶滅の原因説明にはならないことを示した。これらの成果は国際学術誌に複数の論文として公表あるいは印刷中である。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

本年度当初より、予定していた海外渡航(野外地質調査)先への訪問・調査がコロナ・パンデミックの影響が残っているため、不可能となり、新たな野外調査資料の蓄積と岩石試料の採取はほとんど実施できなかった。それにもかかわらず、前年度までに採取した岩石試料について、より詳しい化学分析を進めた結果、いくつかの新知見が得られ、研究が順調に進展した。それらの成果を国内外の学術誌に公表し(計19編、うち英文論文は18編)、国内の学会にオンライン参加して報告した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

本研究を通して得られた結果を総合的に考察し、古生代で起きた主要な絶滅事件であるオルドビス期末とペルム紀末の事件について新しい視点からの比較を行った結果、世界中で多くの研究者たちが主張する大気二酸化炭素の増減だけでは大量絶滅を起こす規模のグローバル寒冷化を起こせないことが判明した。一方、本研究で示されつつある地球外物質の流入と寒冷化との関連性が強く示唆されることが示されつつあり、引き続き現在の研究方針に沿って、より具体的なデータ収集を目指し、本研究固有の視点と予想される成果の実証を目指す。

  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Journal Article (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Peer Reviewed: 19 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] California Inst. Technology(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      California Inst. Technology
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Mongolian Geological Survey(モンゴル)

    • Country Name
      MONGOLIA
    • Counterpart Institution
      Mongolian Geological Survey
  • [Journal Article] Older magma at Aso caldera than at Unzen stratovolcano in south west Japan as recorded through helium isotopes2023

    • Author(s)
      Sano Yuji、Kagoshima Takanori、Zhang Maoliang、Takahata Naoto、Onoue Tetsuji、Shibata Tomo、Nishio Yoshiro、Chen Ai-Ti、Lee Hyunwoo、Fischer Tobias P.、Zhao Dapeng
    • Journal Title

      Communications Earth & Environment

      Volume: 4 Pages: 2

    • DOI

      10.1038/s43247-022-00649-6

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Author Correction: Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis2023

    • Author(s)
      Paquet M. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Astronomy

      Volume: 7 Pages: 633

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41550-023-01938-6

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites2023

    • Author(s)
      Yokoyama T. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Science

      Volume: 379 Pages: abn7850

    • DOI

      10.1126/science.abn7850

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Provenance analysis of the Araripe intracontinental basin, northeast Brazil ? Routes for proto-Atlantic marine incursions in northwest Gondwana2022

    • Author(s)
      Godot Souza Juliana Ferreira、Isozaki Yukio、Tsutsumi Yukiyasu、Schmitt Renata da Silva、Medeiros Silvia Regina de、Almeida C?cera Neysi de、Araujo Bruno C?sar、Richetti P?mela、da Silva Ev?nia Alves、Rios Netto Arist?teles de Morais
    • Journal Title

      Sedimentary Geology

      Volume: 440 Pages: 106243~106243

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106243

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The origin of methane in serpentinite-hosted hyperalkaline hot spring at Hakuba Happo, Japan: Radiocarbon, methane isotopologue and noble gas isotope approaches2022

    • Author(s)
      Suda Konomi、Aze Takahiro、Miyairi Yosuke、Yokoyama Yusuke、Matsui Yohei、Ueda Hisahiro、Saito Takuya、Sato Tomohiko、Sawaki Yusuke、Nakai Ryosuke、Tamaki Hideyuki、Takahashi Hiroshi A.、Morikawa Noritoshi、Ono Shuhei
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 585 Pages: 117510~117510

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117510

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Trace‐element composition of zircon in <scp>Kofu and Tanzawa</scp> granitoids, <scp>Japan</scp> : Quantitative indicator of sediment incorporated in parent magma2022

    • Author(s)
      Sawaki Yusuke、Asanuma Hisashi、Sakata Shuhei、Abe Mariko、Ohno Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Island Arc

      Volume: 31 Pages: e12455

    • DOI

      10.1111/iar.12455

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Zircon trace‐element compositions in <scp>Miocene</scp> granitoids in <scp>Japan</scp> : Discrimination diagrams for zircons in <scp>M‐, I‐, S</scp> ‐, and <scp>A</scp> ‐type granites2022

    • Author(s)
      Sawaki Yusuke、Asanuma Hisashi、Sakata Shuhei、Abe Mariko、Ohno Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Island Arc

      Volume: 31 Pages: e12466

    • DOI

      10.1111/iar.12466

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Evolutionary diversification of paleoproterozoic prokaryotes: New microfossil records in 1.88?Ga Gunflint Formation2022

    • Author(s)
      Sasaki Kohei、Ishida Akizumi、Takahata Naoto、Sano Yuji、Kakegawa Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Precambrian Research

      Volume: 380 Pages: 106798~106798

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.precamres.2022.106798

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] NanoSIMS Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Silicate Glass and Zircon: Implications for Partition Coefficients2022

    • Author(s)
      Shi Lanlan、Sano Yuji、Takahata Naoto、Koike Mizuho、Morita Takuya、Koyama Yuta、Kagoshima Takanori、Li Yuan、Xu Sheng、Liu Congqiang
    • Journal Title

      Frontiers in Chemistry

      Volume: 10 Pages: 844953

    • DOI

      10.3389/fchem.2022.844953

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Rock and sediment dataset of petit-spots in the northwestern Pacific2022

    • Author(s)
      Akizawa Norikatsu、Hirano Naoto、Machida Shiki、Ishikawa Akira、Niwa Yuka、Shimoda Gen、Yasukawa Kazutaka、Matsuzaki Kenji M.、Tamura Chiori、Kaneko Junji
    • Journal Title

      Data in Brief

      Volume: 45 Pages: 108764~108764

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.dib.2022.108764

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Sulfur in Archean komatiite implies early subduction of oceanic lithosphere2022

    • Author(s)
      Kubota Yusuke、Matsu'ura Fumihiro、Shimizu Kenji、Ishikawa Akira、Ueno Yuichiro
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 598 Pages: 117826~117826

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117826

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Geochemical records of the end-Triassic Crisis preserved in a deep marine section of the Budva Basin, Dinarides, Montenegro.2022

    • Author(s)
      de Graaff Sietze J.、Percival Lawrence M.E.、Kaskes Pim、D?hais Thomas、de Winter Niels J.、Jansen Max N.、Smit Jan、Sinnesael Matthias、Vellekoop Johan、Sato Honami、Ishikawa Akira、Spassov Simo、Claeys Philippe、Goderis Steven
    • Journal Title

      Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

      Volume: 606 Pages: 111250~111250

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111250

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Chemical and isotopic evaluation of a microsampling method using laser ablation and membrane filter (LAF).2022

    • Author(s)
      Masuda, Y., Yokoyama, T., Okabayashi, S., Ishikawa, A., Iwamori, H.
    • Journal Title

      Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research

      Volume: 46 Pages: 205-222

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild22022

    • Author(s)
      Kawasaki N. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 8 Pages: ade2067

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.ade2067

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Solar System calcium isotopic composition inferred from Ryugu samples2022

    • Author(s)
      Moynier F. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Geochemical Perspectives Letters

      Volume: 24 Pages: 1~6

    • DOI

      10.7185/geochemlet.2238

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Ryugu’s nucleosynthetic heritage from the outskirts of the Solar System2022

    • Author(s)
      Hopp T. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 8 Pages: add8141

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.add8141

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Presolar Stardust in Asteroid Ryugu2022

    • Author(s)
      Barosch J. et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 935 Pages: L3~L3

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ac83bd

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Paleontological Research 論文解説 特集 「古生代生命進化研究におけるルネサンス:多様化と絶滅」(パート1)2022

    • Author(s)
      磯崎行雄
    • Journal Title

      化石

      Volume: 111 Pages: 45-47

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Pre‐treatment Methods for Accurate Determination of Total Nitrogen and Organic Carbon Contents and their Stable Isotopic Compositions: Re‐evaluation from Geological Reference Materials2021

    • Author(s)
      Fujisaki Wataru、Matsui Yohei、Ueda Hisahiro、Sawaki Yusuke、Suzuki Katsuhiko、Maruoka Teruyuki
    • Journal Title

      Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research

      Volume: 46 Pages: 5~19

    • DOI

      10.1111/ggr.12410

    • Peer Reviewed

URL: 

Published: 2023-12-25  

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