2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Elucidation of the evolution and function of the accessory chromosomes in ascomycete fungi and their application asnovel transformation vector

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19H00939
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Review Section	Medium-sized Section 39:Agricultural and environmental biology and related fields
Research Institution	Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Principal Investigator	ARIE Tsutomu 東京農工大学, (連合)農学研究科(研究院), 教授 (00211706)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	浅井秀太国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 環境資源科学研究センター, 上級研究員 (30723580) 荒添貴之東京理科大学, 理工学部応用生物科学科, 講師 (40749975)
Project Period (FY)	2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Keywords	子嚢菌 / Fusarium oxysporum / アクセサリー染色体(領域) / 植物病原性 / ベクター / ゲノム解析 / ゲノム編集
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Using F. oxysporum, which has various strains such as phytopathogenic strains, non-pathogenic strains (saprophytic strains), and biological pesticide component strains (useful strains), as a model, we partially elucidated the composition and function of accessory chromosomes of F. oxysporum, such as cabbage yellow disease fungus, by genome comparison between strains and gene disruption, etc. The origin and evolution of accessory chromosomes such as cabbage yellows fungus and banana wilt fungus were discussed using chromosome-loss strains. Based on these, we have established a specific detection technique for several strains of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, we developed a CRISPR / Cas12a system optimized for F. oxysporum, constructed a gene function analysis method, and showed the potential of accessory chromosome as a novel fungal transformation vector.
Free Research Field	植物病理学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	子嚢菌Fusarium oxysporumをモデルとして、ゲノム比較等によって、生育に必要なく病原性などに係るアクセサリー領域と考えられる染色体の構成・機能、由来や進化等を一部解明、病原菌の進化やパンデミックの解析につなげた。また、これらを基に、重要植物病原菌等のPCR等による特異的検出技術を確立、早期検診やその結果に基づく防除につなげた。さらに、F. oxysporumのゲノム編集技術を確立、アクセサリー染色体の新奇の菌類形質転換用ベクターとしての利用可能性を示した。このように、菌学、植物病理学上重要な知見が得られたばかりでなく、植物の新たな病害のパンデミックの制御に資する知見を得られた。