2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Exploration of tissue connection mechanism utilizing comparative genomics and in vitro haustorium culture

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19H00944
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Review Section	Medium-sized Section 39:Agricultural and environmental biology and related fields
Research Institution	Osaka Metropolitan University (2022) Osaka Prefecture University (2019-2021)
Principal Investigator	Aoki Koh 大阪公立大学, 大学院農学研究科, 教授 (30344021)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	星野敦基礎生物学研究所, 分野横断研究ユニット, 助教 (80312205) 横山隆亮東北大学, 生命科学研究科, 講師 (90302083)
Project Period (FY)	2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	寄生植物 / ネナシカズラ / 探索糸 / 比較ゲノム / インビトロ吸器培養系
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Several mechanisms of a parasitic plant involved in the attachment and connection to the host plant has been elucidated. First, we identified transcription factor gene, CcERF52A/B, which is responsible for the production of adhesive polysaccharide by the parasitic plant and degradation of cell wall of the host plant. Second, we identified a gene encoding mechano-sensitive ion channel, which is responsible for the perception of touch stimuli and initiation of pre-haustorium organ. Third, salicylic acid was shown to repress the differentiation of searching hyphae into xylem conductive cells. Forth, several transcription factor genes were prioritized as a key regulator of the formation of plasmodesmata between neighboring host plant cell and parasitic plant cell. These results will be valuable in developing sustainable methods to control the damage caused by parasitic plants.
Free Research Field	生産環境農学およびその関連分野
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	寄生は細菌から動植物に至る様々な生物に見られる現象であるが、すべての場合において寄生する生物と寄生される生物、すなわち宿主、は物理的な接触をもつ。「植物に寄生する植物」である寄生植物も例外ではなく、寄生植物はまず宿主植物と物理的に接触し、組織や細胞のレベルで相手と接続をつくることで水や養分を奪う。本研究の成果は、この付着や接続に関わる遺伝子、ホルモン等の要因を明らかにしたもので、これらの成果は寄生植物による農作物への被害を持続的な方法で制御するために役立つ期待される。