2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

A historical study on architecture and cities under allied occupation of Japan

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19H02332
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 23040:Architectural history and design-related
Research Institution	Hokkaido University (2022-2023) Nagoya City University (2019-2021)
Principal Investigator	Kaku Satoru 北海道大学, 工学研究院, 准教授 (90455105)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	大場修立命館大学, 衣笠総合研究機構, 教授 (20137128) 村上しほり大阪公立大学, 大学院生活科学研究科, 特任准教授 (50746104) 砂本文彦神戸女子大学, 家政学部, 教授 (70299379) 玉田浩之大手前大学, 建築&芸術学部, 教授 (70469112) 長田城治郡山女子大学, 家政学部, 准教授 (70734458)
Project Period (FY)	2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords	戦後 / 日本 / 占領 / 進駐 / GHQ / 接収 / 建築 / 都市
Outline of Final Research Achievements	The purpose of the study was to understand situation of Japanese cities focus on requisitioned lands and buildings under occupation after W.W. II. Thereby we tried to collect archives, maps, photos and etc. at like national/public archives. And we also took excursions of old requisitioned lands and buildings. The targets were Sapporo, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Kure, Fukuoka etc., base cities of occupation force. In addition, we visited War Memorial, National Archives in Australia et al. to grasp the information about British Commonwealth Occupation Force, BCOF’s activities. Moreover, we surveyed requisitioned international resort hotels for their vacation. As a result, we clarified three points. 1 the occupation period was different from troop’s task - army or air force, US or BCOF - and cover areas were not same Japanese administrative. 2 there were influences for advance of occupation forces and war rehabilitation projects. 3 US power published information of vacation hotels and sights.
Free Research Field	建築史・都市史
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	日本国憲法のほか，現在の社会制度は占領下に整えられたというのが一般的な認識である．実際，法律や経済，教育など制度化のプロセスについては，竹前栄治が編んだ『GHQ 日本占領史』などの一連の成果が実証している．また，諸制度は建築や都市という実空間に結びつくと考えられ，小泉和子らが東京や横浜を対象に分析している．しかし，一口に占領と言っても実態は多様で，共通点と相違点を整理することで，現在の建築や都市，ライフスタイルの淵源を理解できると考えた．つまり，本研究は厚い蓄積のある政治や経済などの制度史，戦後の建築や都市の計画や歴史の成果をいまひとつの視点から把握する点に学術的，社会的な意義があると考える．