Molecular genetic study on heading time instability in wheat and barley

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19H02931
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 39010:Science in plant genetics and breeding-related
• Research Institution: Okayama University
• Principal Investigator: KATO Kenji 岡山大学, 環境生命科学学域, 教授 (40161096)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 西田 英隆 岡山大学, 環境生命科学学域, 准教授 (30379820)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: コムギ / オオムギ / 出穂期 / 不安定性 / 分子遺伝学 / 育種 / デュラムコムギ

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Heading time is one of the important traits to stably achieve the maximum yield in wheat and barley, but is becoming unstable mainly due to yearly fluctuation of temperature throughout the growing season. In this study, we studied the effect of wheat PCL1 genes and barley PhyC and Ppd-1 genes on heading time and its yearly fluctuation (instability). In wheat, heading was accelerated ca. two weeks and became instable when functional allele of PCL1 was absent, that is, recessive homozygote at three homoeologous loci. In contrast, in plants having at least one functional allele, earliness effect was just a few days. The similar results were also obtained in durum wheat lines developed by introduction of non-functional allele of PCL1 from 'Chogokuwase'. We also identified that additional earliness gene(s) are located on chromosomes 1B, 6A and 6B. In barley, the effect of PhyC and Ppd-H1 on heading time and its instability.

Free Research Field

植物遺伝育種学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

ムギ類は一般に秋から初夏にかけて栽培されるので，安定生産のためには確実な越冬と最適時期の出穂・開花が不可欠である．ところが，地球規模での環境変動により出穂・開花時期の年次間変動（不安定化）が問題となっている．本研究では，コムギにおいて新規に特定した出穂期遺伝子PCL1および先行研究で特定したオオムギPhyC遺伝子が出穂期不安定性に関わることを明らかにした．これらの研究成果は，新規出穂期遺伝子の特定および不安定化機構の一端の解明という点で学術的に有意義である．加えて，地球環境変動下の世界各地におけるムギ類育種に大いに貢献するものと考えている．