2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Genetic manipulation of odorant receptor class choice and olfactory behaivor
Project/Area Number |
19H03264
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
Section | 一般 |
Review Section |
Basic Section 44050:Animal physiological chemistry, physiology and behavioral biology-related
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Research Institution | Tokyo Institute of Technology |
Principal Investigator |
HIROTA JUNJI 東京工業大学, 生命理工学院, 教授 (60405339)
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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Keywords | 嗅覚 / 嗅覚受容体 / 遺伝子発現 / 転写因子 / 細胞分化 / 嗅覚行動 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Individual olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express a single odorant receptor (OR) gene from the class I or class II repertoires in mice. The mechanisms that regulate OR class choice in OSNs remain unknown. We show that the transcription factor Bcl11b determines the OR class to be expressed in OSNs. Both loss- and gain-of-function analyses demonstrate that class I is a default fate of OSNs and that Bcl11b dictates a class II OR choice by suppressing the effect of the J-element, a class I-OR enhancer. We further demonstrate that OSN-specific genetic manipulations of Bcl11b bias the OR class choice, generating mice with "class I-dominant" and "class II-dominant" noses, which display contrasting innate olfactory behaviors to two distinct aversive odorants. Overall, these findings reveal a unique transcriptional mechanism mediating a binary switch for OR class choice that is crucial to both the anatomical and functional organization of the olfactory system.
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Free Research Field |
分子神経科学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
嗅覚受容体(OR)遺伝子の同定から四半世紀以上が経過し、その間のゲノム解析の進展によって脊椎動物のOR遺伝子レパートリーが、「魚類から哺乳類に共通の」クラス1と「陸生動物特異的な」クラス2に分類されることがわかった。しかし嗅神経細胞がどのように発現する嗅覚受容体のクラスを決定するのかは未解決のままであった。本研究は、長年の学術上の未解決問題を解明しただけでなく、魚類から哺乳動物の共通に存在するクラス1が嗅覚受容体の初期設定であること実験的に初めて証明したものであり、嗅覚の陸生適応メカニズムを新たに提唱するなど、学術的意義は極めて高い。
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