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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Molecular basis of brain neural circuitry formation and function

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19H03334
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 46020:Anatomy and histopathology of nervous system-related
Research InstitutionShinshu University

Principal Investigator

Takeshi Uemura  信州大学, 学術研究院総合人間科学系, 准教授 (00372368)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 惣谷 和広  佐賀大学, 医学部, 准教授 (80415207)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Keywords脳神経回路形成 / シナプス間接着分子 / シナプス / 形成と再編 / 阻害分子
Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we obtained the following research results on the molecular basis of brain neural circuits' formation and functional regulation. (1) We identified a secreted protein that binds to the synaptic organizer Nrxn and inhibits the binding of Nrxn to its ligand Nlgn. In neurons overexpressing this molecule, Nrxn-induced synaptogenesis was severely inhibited. In addition, mice lacking this molecule showed enhanced learning and memory, suggesting the physiological importance of this inhibitory molecule. (2) Nrxn plays an important role in cerebellar granule cell survival by regulating neurotrophic factor secretion in the cerebellum. (3) We found that one of the lysophospholipids can act as a regulatory molecule of neural circuit formation.

Free Research Field

分子神経生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

脳機能を支える神経回路網は発達期におけるシナプスの形成と再編を経て構築される。 発達期におけるこれらの調節機構の破綻は自閉症などの神経発達障害の発症と深く関わることが知られている。シナプス形成はシナプスオーガナイザーと呼ばれる特殊な細胞接着分子によって担われている。シナプス形成を担うシナプスオーガナイザーの脳形成過程における新たな機能についての知見とシナプスオーガナイザー自身の機能を修飾する分子を同定しその働きの一旦を明らかにした本研究は、脳神経回路形成のメカニズムの解明や自閉症などの神経発達障害に関わる今後の研究に役立つ知見になると期待される。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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