2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Molecular basis of bulk transport machinery playing key roles in lipid secretion in plant cells
| Project/Area Number |
19H05638
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Review Section |
Broad Section F
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
粟野 達也 京都大学, 農学研究科, 助教 (40324660)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-06-26 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | 植物細胞 / 脂質分泌 / バルク輸送 / ABCトランスポータ / 膜ダイナミクス / シコニン |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Plants secrete a variety of secondary metabolites with different biological activities from specific cell types or specialized tissues into the extracellular space, where they accumulate in the apoplast. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the transport events involved in extracellular secretion, especially for the enigmatic lipid-soluble substances. In this study, we used the lipid-soluble red pigment shikonin and the cultured cells and hairy roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (gromwell, Boraginaceae), which secrete 10% of it per cell, as models. We identified several proteins relevant for membrane dynamics, such as ENTH/VHS and epsin-2, and G-type ABC transporters (ABCG) as membrane transporters that would be important for the secretion of lipid-soluble metabolites. We then elucidated their functions at the molecular level in heterologous plant species.
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| Free Research Field |
植物細胞生化学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
今から４億５千万年前、植物が地上に進出し種の繁栄を達成できたのは、大気中で自らの体を乾燥から守る、という新機能であった。それはワックスやスベリンといった脂溶性ポリマーで細胞表面を覆うことで、水の蒸散を防ぐ機能の獲得である。また植物は香り成分や抗癌成分などを生産するが、それら低分子の機能性成分の多くはやはり脂溶性で、細胞外で蓄積するものが多い。しかしその分泌メカニズムは謎に包まれていた。本研究では、こうした脂溶性物質の細胞外分泌に焦点を当て、分泌過程にかかわる膜交通系タンパク質や輸送体、またマトリックス脂質分子を同定し、その実態に迫った。
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