2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Research on Community Medicine from the Perspective of the Development of Village Doctors: Based on the Documents of Doctors' Families in Okayama Prefecture

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19K00274
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 01080:Sociology of science, history of science and technology-related
Research Institution	Teikyo Heisei University
Principal Investigator	Matsumura Noriaki 帝京平成大学, ヒューマンケア学部, 准教授 (00422379)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	町泉寿郎二松學舍大學, 文学部, 教授 (40301733) 木下浩岡山大学, 医学部, 客員研究員 (50838092) 梶谷真司東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 教授 (50365920) 鈴木達彦帝京平成大学, 薬学部, 准教授 (70737824)
Project Period (FY)	2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	在村医 / 地域医療 / 開業医 / 岡山県 / 医療史 / 平井家 / 種痘
Outline of Final Research Achievements	The outline and purpose of this project is to investigate medical records, medical books, and equipment of village doctors' families in Okayama Prefecture. For the Hirai family's materials in Setouchi City, newly discovered historical materials were photographed. And the catalog of the historical materials(library collection) was completed. It was found that the collection is typical of the library and documents of village doctors. In March 2023, we published "NakaShima Ika Shiryo Kenkyu" Vol.1, No.3, which includes this catalog and a discussion of the Hirai family and their medical activities. We are currently organizing the results of our research on the Yoshioka family's materials in Okayama City, and expect to publish a catalog and discussion of the collection by the end of 2023. It was also revealed that in the early Meiji period, village doctors in Okayama Prefecture were collaborating in large-scale vaccination activities.
Free Research Field	科学社会学および科学技術史関連
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	在村医家の所蔵資料調査により、近世から近代の地域社会において医療を支えた在村医たちの活動は多岐・広範に及ぶことが明らかになった。例えば、難波経直が中心となった民間医たちによる「救助種痘」「種痘勧善社」には、明治17年の解散まで200名を超える種痘医が継続的に参加し、岡山全県下で無料の種痘接種を実施した。それ以外にも地域内の在村医たちは研究会を開くなど相互に連携し自主的な活動していたことが明らかになった。この時期の医師たちの活動は藩・県・政府の指示下での受動的なものではなく、かなり能動的なものであったことを示しており、近代医療システム構築過程に対する認識の再検討を迫るものであろう。