2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Japanese local histories related to lives and rights of children:Focusing on continuous and discontinuous characteristics between early modern times and modern times
| Project/Area Number |
19K00961
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 03020:Japanese history-related
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| Research Institution | Daito Bunka University |
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Principal Investigator |
OSUGI Yuka 大東文化大学, スポーツ健康科学部, 教授 (60297083)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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| Keywords | 公共圏 / 警察社会事業 / 地方格差 / 子どもの権利 / 名望家 / 捨子（棄児） / 都市下層社会 / 教育権 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research focused on social treatment of abandoned children, orphans and poor children from early-modern times to modern times in Japan, especially the consecutive characters and nonconsecutive ones between the two. The relief characteristics of Meiji is that modern charities appeared in the situation where conventional relief systems remained and public assistance would not support poor problem parents. Social works related child welfare made progress and began to assist poor problem parents after the 1920s and their attitudes to their children changed from relying on them as little breadwinners to protective objects. Also public relief preferred to save poor children than other poor superficially, although it tended to compel the children to feed the family by the meager allowances even after enforcement of The Relief Act in 1932. In short, there was a weaker social atmosphere to protect rights of children in Modern Japan than in Western Europe and the U.S.A at that time.
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| Free Research Field |
日本史・社会福祉
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
本研究は、従来個別に研究されてきた近世・近代の子どもの問題について、包括的視点から洗い直し、近世と近代の連続面と断絶面について明らかにしようとした点が画期的であった。今まで子どもの社会的養護に関しては、近世と近代では断絶面が強調されがちであったが、慈善事業施設は棄児等の数と比べ僅かであり、明治期は近世以来の周旋屋による里子等の斡旋が続いていたことも今回の研究で見えてきた点であった。
また子どもが労働力から保護対象となるのは戦間期であり、1920年代前半までとそれ以降の間に断絶があることは今まで看過されがちであったが、その断絶の詳細についても明らかにした点で新機軸を打ち出したと考えている。
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