The quasi co-ownership of divisible claim

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K01401
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 05060:Civil law-related
• Research Institution: Sophia University
• Principal Investigator: ITO Hidetoshi 上智大学, 法学部, 教授 (30454317)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 準共有 / 可分債権

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The purpose of this study is to clarify that when more than one obligee have divisible claims, they are not naturally divided and attributed. Japanese Supreme Court precedents have held that, in principle, when more than one obligee have divisible claims, the claims are naturally divided and attributed to them. However, the basis for this principle has not been clarified. Moreover, precedents have recognized a number of exceptions, including claims to savings accounts in joint inheritance. Therefore, even if more than one obligee have divisible claims, the principle should be that they should not be divided and attributed. In the case of quasi co-ownership of claims by more than one obligee, the co-ownership provisions of the Civil Code should be applied mutatis mutandis.

Free Research Field

民法

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、複数の債権者が可分債権を有する場合、原則として当然に分割帰属するという判例が、多くの例外を認めることによって原則ではなくなっていること、さらに、そもそも十分な理論的正当化根拠を有していなかったことを明らかにした。従来、例外についての検討はなされてきたものの、判例の原則そのものへの検討は十分ではなかったところであり、この点に大きな学術的意義がある。また、判例が採用する当然分割原則が放棄されることになれば、共同相続の場面において、共同相続人間の不公平な取り扱いが是正されることになり、社会的意義も大きい。