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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

The Policy Consequences of Fixed-term Parliaments: Election Timings and Political Business Cycles in Japan

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19K01449
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 06010:Politics-related
Research InstitutionUniversity of Kochi

Principal Investigator

Shimizu Naoki  高知県立大学, 文化学部, 准教授 (20508725)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords政治的景気循環 / 選挙タイミング / 解散権 / 早期解散 / 早期選挙 / 政策操作 / 政策変更 / 解散権の制約
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study has examined the impact of fixed-term parliaments on policy consequences to analyze the data of elections and macro-economic policies in Japan. First, I showed that early elections disadvantage opposition parties in fielding candidates, but do not provide a significant advantage to the government parties. Second, I demonstrated that when election timing is fixed and central bank independence is low, the government parties have implemented easy monetary policies during the election. In addition, I indicated that when the election timing is fixed and the electoral system is the mixed member majoritarian rule, the government parties have implemented expansionary fiscal policies during the election.

Free Research Field

政治学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究の成果により、第1に、解散権を制約したときに生じるデメリットについて明らかにすることができた。従来の解散権制約の議論は、政治的景気循環の議論を無視し、解散権を制約することのメリットだけが強調されてきた。それに対して本研究は、解散権を制約した場合、選挙時に政権党による政策操作が行われやすいこと、また解散権を制約したとしても政権党に大きなアドバンテージはないことを示すことができた。第2に、政権党による政策操作が行われやすい制度的条件は、中央銀行の独立性の低さ、小選挙区制であることを明らかにすることができた。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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