The Elementary School at Reclaimed Land in Post-war Hokkaido: The Formation Process of a Community and the Actual Condition of an Elementary School

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K02444
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 09010:Education-related
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University of Education
• Principal Investigator: Sakamoto Noriko 北海道教育大学, 教育学部, 教授 (40374748)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 小学校 / 戦後開拓 / 北海道 / 引揚者

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The purpose of this paper is clarify to the relationship of the elementary school and emigrants at reclaimed land in post-war Hokkaido. In the first year, the following results were obtained: Many of the repatriated children had no choice but to work. Some children were unable to attend school; others had to be absent from school for a long periods at Sapporo and Hakodate. However, even amidst these harsh living conditions, there were some people who established schools.
In the following year, the following results were obtained: Emigrants united in the elementary school in order to form a new community at Urakawa. And teachers supported it. In the last year, the following results were obtained: The elementary school played the role of the cultural center in order to conquer cold-weather damage and harvest failure at Oumu.

Free Research Field

日本教育史

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

この研究成果によって得られた学術的意義は、次の点である。一つめは、戦後の教育において、これまで明らかにされなかった引揚者や移住民の教育に対する関わり方や、子どもたちの教育実態を解明したことである。その際、教員も厳しい生活条件という現実との葛藤を抱えながら、学校の設置や維持を担ったことも明らかにした点である。二つ目は、これまでのように制度や政策から「教育の発展」を描くのではなく、人びとや子どもを主体に据え、教育への関わり方をとらえるという研究方法をとったことである。三つ目は、制度政策に関わる資料だけでなく、人びとの日常的な生活や思いを知ることができる新たな資料を発掘しデータ化したことである。