Development the experiments to observe the cell dynamics in animal bodies -Observations of cell death and proliferation-

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K03141
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 09080:Science education-related
• Research Institution: Kyoto University of Education
• Principal Investigator: Kajiwara Yuji 京都教育大学, 教育学部, 教授 (10281114)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 分裂細胞 / 小腸上皮細胞 / カエル幼生 / X線 / ブロモデオキシウリジン / 哺乳類代替実験

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In high schools, education of radiation science literacy is important from the broad usages of radiation in medicine and engineering. The experiments to know of radiation are limited to the physical and chemical fields, such as the simple cloud chamber. There are few experiments to know the biological effects of radiation, such as cell divisions are vulnerable to radiation. We have reported a simple method for detection proliferation cells in amphibian. Using this method, we observed the effects of X-ray irradiation on proliferating cell in amphibians larvae, Xenopus laevis. In mice the cell divisions in the small intestinal epithelium almost disappeared by irradiation of 1 Gy of X-ray. But, in frog larvae, the cell divisions in the small intestine were still present after 2 Gy irradiation of X-ray. Thus, cell divisions in small intestine of frogs were more resistant to irradiation than those in the mouse. The use of frogs was difficult to understand the effects of X-ray.

Free Research Field

科学教育

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

放射線の学習は、工学や医学分野での積極的な利用と共に、エネルギー問題や地球温暖化など社会的要因から、推進が望まれる。学校で扱う実験は、霧箱など取り扱い易さから物理分野がほとんどで、生物分野はほとんどない。そこで、哺乳類マウス代替として、カエル幼生を用いて分裂細胞が放射線に脆弱であることを理解する実験を検討した。知見のあるマウスでは、小腸上皮細胞の増殖は１Gy X線で消失するが、カエル幼生では２Gy X線でも残存し、カエルはマウスに比べ放射線に耐性があることがわかった。放射線の生物影響を理解する実験はほとんどなく、マウス小腸上皮の増殖細胞がX線に脆弱であることを理解する導入として利用できる。