Modernized reconstruction of U's triangle of Brassica crops

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K05979
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 39010:Science in plant genetics and breeding-related
• Research Institution: Kyoto Sangyo University
• Principal Investigator: Yamagishi Hiroshi 京都産業大学, 総合学術研究所, 科研費研究員 (10210345)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 寺地 徹 京都産業大学, 生命科学部, 教授 (90202192)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 作物進化 / Uの三角形 / Brassica属作物 / ミトコンドリアゲノム / 種内変異 / 複２倍体

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Six crop species belonging to　genus Brassica contribute as important food crops worldwide. In this project, we analyzed the mitochondrial genome of the 6 crop species and found the intraspecific variations. Based on the results, the process of domestication of the three diploid species and establishment of the three amphidiploid species were clarified. All the three diploids contained two or more mitotypes, the facts indicating that they were domesticated twice or more. Whereas, two of the three amphidiploid species possessed the two mitotypes identical to those of diploid mother species. Thus, the two species were estimated to be established at least twice. These findings enabled us to reconstruct the U’s triangle of Brassica crops with detailed structure.

Free Research Field

育種学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

栽培植物の起源と進化を示す代表的な例である Brassica 属作物の種間関係が、種内変異にまで踏み込んで詳しく明らかにされた。この成果は他の多くの植物種に応用され、今後の植物遺伝学、育種学の新しい発展に貢献する。また、本研究で見出されたミトコンドリアゲノムの種内変異は、将来の植物育種において、オルガネラゲノム内の未利用遺伝子を持つ植物を育種素材として活用する可能性を拓く。