Translation mechanism with restricted repertoire of tRNA and ARS in plant orgenelles.

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K06483
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 43010:Molecular biology-related
• Research Institution: Chiba University
• Principal Investigator: Soma Akiko 千葉大学, 大学院園芸学研究院, 講師 (70350329)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: タンパク質合成 / tRNA / 転写後修飾

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Transfer RNAs function as adaptor molecules to link the genetic code and amino acids, and analysis of their post-transcriptional processing and aminoacylation is important to understand gene expression. Plant organelles have their own translation system, but the organelle genomes do not always encode a complete gene set of tRNA repertoire nor aminoacylation enzymes. In this study, the genome and tRNA sequences of algae were analyzed to identify the complete set of tRNA and aminoacylation enzymes in organelles. Results indicated that the lack of tRNA and aminoacylation enzymes is possibly supplemented by post-transcriptional modification of organelle tRNAs and transport of aminoacylation enzymes from cytoplasm to organelles.

Free Research Field

分子生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究結果から植物オルガネラのtRNA遺伝子やアミノアシル化酵素遺伝子の不足がどのように補われているのか、その一端が明らかとなった。本研究は遺伝暗号の認識機構の新たな一例を示したものであり、生物種やオルガネラなどタンパク質合成系における違いや多様性を明らかにした。以上が本研究の学術的意義が高い点である。オルガネラのタンパク質合成は植物の物質生産において中心的な役割を果たす。その分子機構の解明は応用研究においても重要な知見であり、本研究の社会的意義が高い点である。