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2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Study of cellular, molecular and mechanical mechanisms of the trunk/tail boundary formation and analysis of evolutionally aspects of the morphogenesis.

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19K06735
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 44040:Morphology and anatomical structure-related
Research InstitutionAomori University (2021)
Tohoku University (2019-2020)

Principal Investigator

Nakamoto Ayaki  青森大学, 薬学部, 准教授 (40738100)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Keywords形態形成 / 細胞極性 / 分裂装置
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Ascidians are marine invertebrates that belong to the phylum Chordata. They are useful model systems to study mechanisms of morphogenesis at individual cell levels. In transitioning from the neurula and tailbud stages, a boundary between the future trunk and tail region appears morphologically as an hourglass-like epithelial bending. In this study, an ascidian Halocynthia roretzi was used to analyze the mechanisms of epithelial bending. It was found that differently oriented cell divisions in the epidermis of the future trunk (anterior) and tail (posterior) regions create an hourglass-like epithelial bending between the two regions. This study is the first report that regulation of cell division orientation contributes to the epithelial bending and provides a new principle for morphogenesis.

Free Research Field

発生生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

動物の胚発生過程では、細胞が適切な位置に配置されることによって、複雑で精密な構造の組織や器官が形成される場合がある。例えば、ある一定の方向に沿った細胞分裂によって組織が伸長したり、厚みが増加することが知られている。しかしながら、方向性を持った細胞分裂がそれ以外の形態形成に関与するのかは明らかではなかった。本研究の学術的意義は、方向性を持った細胞分裂が上皮細胞層の「くびれ」形成に関与することを初めて明らかにしたことである。本研究成果は、組織、器官、体全体の形づくりの更なる理解に繋がると考えられる。

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Published: 2023-01-30  

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