2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of plasticity evolution

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19K06805
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 45030:Biodiversity and systematics-related
Research Institution	Tohoku University (2023) Osaka Metropolitan University (2022) Osaka City University (2020-2021) The University of Tokyo (2019)
Principal Investigator	Ishikawa Naoko 東北大学, 農学研究科, 特任准教授 (20771322)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	阪口翔太京都大学, 地球環境学堂, 助教 (50726809)
Project Period (FY)	2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords	環境適応 / ゲノム / 葉形態
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Plantago asiatica (P. asiatica) is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asia. The dwarf type of P. asiatica is an ecotype that is said to have evolved due to the extreme herbivory by deer in places such as Nara Park. In this study, we conducted an analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the evolution of the dwarf, and obtained the following results. (1) Cultivation experiments in a common environment revealed that the dwarf type of P. asiatica have genetic traits that are clearly different from normal plantains, such as short, lodging leaves and flower stems. (2) To isolate the genes involved in dwarfism, the entire nuclear genome sequence was determined (total length 1.4 Gb, gene coverage rate 92.6% ), (3) Through QTL-seq analysis, I isolated an approximately 300kb region linked to leaf lodging, and found that it contained 33 genes. In summary, this study established the basis for population genomic studies of P. asiatica.
Free Research Field	分子遺伝学、植物形態学、植物分類学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	生育地の様々な環境ストレスは、葉サイズなどの植物形態の表現型に可塑的な変化をもたらす一方、選択圧として働いて植物に形態進化をもたらす可能性を有する。表現型の可塑性は、変動が大きい環境下でその幅が広がり、安定した環境下では幅が狭まるよう選択されることが知られる。また先行研究では矮化オオバコの矮化形態が「可塑性の変化」により進化した可能性が指摘されている。そのため本研究により矮化オオバコの集団ゲノム解析の基盤が確立されたことで、今後、可塑性進化の機構を解明するためのより詳細な解析を行うことができると考えられる。