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2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Long-chain fatty acids are associated with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis via induction of inflammatory ILC3s

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19K07609
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 49070:Immunology-related
Research InstitutionHiroshima University

Principal Investigator

KANNO Masamoto  広島大学, 医系科学研究科(医), 名誉教授 (40161393)

Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Keywordsアトピー性皮膚炎 / 自然リンパ球 / DAMPs / 長鎖飽和脂肪酸 / アレルギー / 自然免疫系
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Based on a cohort study of atopic dermatitis (AD), we find the presence of DAMPs activity in the mother’s milk. By non-targeted metabolomic analysis, we identify the long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) as a biomarker DAMPs (+) breast milk samples. Similarly, a mouse model in which breastfed offspring are fed milk high in LCSFA show AD onset later in life.
We prove that LCSFA are a type of DAMPs, which initiate a series of inflammatory events in the gut involving type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). A remarkable increase in inflammatory ILC3s is observed in the gut, and the migration of these ILC3s to the skin may be potential triggers of AD. Gene expression analysis of ILC3s reveal upregulation of genes that increase ILC3s and chemokines/chemokine receptors. Even Rag1 knockout mice fed a high- LCSFA milk diet develop eczema, accompanied by increased gut ILC3s. We also present that gut microbiota of AD-prone PA milk-fed mice is different from non-AD OA/ND milk-fed mice.

Free Research Field

免疫学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

今まで、ADおよび多くのアレルギー疾患は、2型免疫反応(主にTh2細胞の関与)として教科書にも書かれている。 免疫系の入り口である自然免疫系のILC細胞群の中でも、一般的には2型のILC2が重要と言われている。しかし、今回の我々のマウスAD発症マウスモデルにおいて、その前段階としてILC3(3型自然リンパ球)の活性化が起きていることがわかった。今後、ADを含むアレルギー疾患の解析・治療において、より自然免疫系に重きを置かれることが重要になると考えられる。
また、乳幼児期に摂取する栄養が、成長した後の免疫反応(アレルギー疾患発症など)に大きな影響を及ぼしている点がさらに明らかとなった。

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Published: 2023-01-30  

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