A Proposal for Historical Disaster Research Using the "Local Context" Model: A Case Study of Urban Flooding in the Pre-World War 2 Period of the Showa Era

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K13450
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 04020:Human geography-related
• Research Institution: Hokkai-Gakuen University (2020-2023); Miyazaki Sangyo-keiei University (2019)
• Principal Investigator: TANIBATA GO 北海学園大学, 人文学部, 講師 (70817444)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: 都市水害 / 昭和戦前期 / 地域の文脈 / 尼崎 / 京都

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, firstly, based on case studies of urban flooding in Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe in the 1930s, the principles and factors of urban flooding at that time were schematically organized. Secondly, the study on Amagasaki, which was damaged by Typhoon Muroto in 1934, examined the actual damage in Amagasaki City and its surrounding towns and villages, and found that the disaster did not transform the city into a factory zone all at once. Some areas tried to continue agricultural production, and it became clear that there were differences in disaster response depending on the local context. Thridly, in the case study on urbanization and flood damage in Kyoto City in the pre-WWII period, we analyzed map data related to the actual situation of flood damage from the prewar to the postwar period and reconstructed the actual damage in more detail.

Free Research Field

人文地理学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

①1930年代に経験したような大規模な都市水害への脆弱性は、誘因としての気象現象の激化や素因としての土地開発の進展により、むしろ高まっていると考えられる。今後発生するであろう想定外の「大型台風・集中豪雨」が現代の大都市で発生した際、どのような被害となるのか、1930年代の都市水害を振り返ることによって得られる教訓を、これから発生しうる都市水害への対策に向けて改めて確認しなければならない。②大規模な災害を受けた地域が、災害を受けたことによって一挙に変貌を遂げるわけではなく、その地域のおかれた地理的・歴史的文脈によって場所ごとに一応ではなく、影響は場所ごとに異なることが示唆された。