eROSITA・すばる・京大せいめい望遠鏡で探る超巨大ブラックホールの成長史

2021 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K14759
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 鳥羽 儀樹 京都大学, 理学研究科, 研究員 (40825957)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 超巨大ブラックホール / すばるHSC / eROSITA衛星 / せいめい望遠鏡 / 銀河合体

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

宇宙に普遍的に存在する超巨大ブラックホールの成長史を探るため、本年度は下記に述べるような研究成果を得た。
eROSITA衛星が Calibration and Performance Verification (Cal-PV) phase に取得したデータを用いて、eFEDSと呼ばれる天域にある活動銀河核 (AGN) の素性調査を行った。
NASAの赤外線衛星 WISEで選ばれた flux-limited 銀河/AGN サンプルに対して、eROSITAによるX線データを適用し、X線で検出されたものに対してはX線スペクトル解析・スペクトルエネルギー分布 (SED) 解析・銀河形態解析などを実施し、X線で検出されたなかった天体に対してはスタッキング解析をすることで天体種族の平均的な物理量を算出した。特に興味深い結果としては (i) X線で検出された天体の多くは比較的ダストの少ない unobscured AGN であるのに対し、X線で未検出の天体は dust-obscured AGN の兆候がありこれまで見落とされてきたような Comption-thick AGN の候補もいること (ii) AGN からの輻射による feedback を受けている天体の割合は高赤方偏移に向かうにつれて増加することが分かった (Toba et al. 2022a, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 661, A15)。

また、2019年から続けてきた 京大せいめい望遠鏡のKOOLS-IFUを用いた近傍超/高光度赤外線銀河の可視光線面分光観測の初期成果を得た。(i) 銀河合体ステージが進むほどAGN起源のアウトフローが強くなること、 (ii) その傾向は銀河中心ほど強いこと　を発見した。結果は論文として投稿済みである (Toba et al. 2022b, PASJ, re-submitted)。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] マックス・プランク地球外物理学研究所 (MPE)/ポツダム天体物理天文台 (AIP)(ドイツ)
  • Country Name: GERMANY
  • Counterpart Institution: マックス・プランク地球外物理学研究所 (MPE)/ポツダム天体物理天文台 (AIP)
• [Int'l Joint Research] プリンストン大学(米国)
  • Country Name: U.S.A.
  • Counterpart Institution: プリンストン大学
• [Int'l Joint Research] 中央研究院天文及天文物理研究 所 (ASIAA)/国立清華大学 (NTHU)(台湾)
  • Country Name: その他の国・地域
  • Counterpart Institution: 中央研究院天文及天文物理研究 所 (ASIAA)/国立清華大学 (NTHU)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ボローニャ大学(イタリア)
  • Country Name: ITALY
  • Counterpart Institution: ボローニャ大学
• [Int'l Joint Research] アテネ国立天文台(ギリシャ)
  • Country Name: GREECE
  • Counterpart Institution: アテネ国立天文台
• [Journal Article] XXL-HSC: An updated catalogue of high-redshift (z > 3.5) X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL northern field (2022)
  • Author(s): Pouliasis E.、Georgantopoulos I.、Ruiz A.、Gilli R.、Koulouridis E.、Akiyama M.、Ueda Y.、Chiappetti L.、Garrel C.、Horellou C.、Nagao T.、Paltani S.、Pierre M.、Toba Y.、Vignali C.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 658 Pages: A175～A175
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142059
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). VI. Distant Filamentary Structures Pointed Out by High-z Radio Galaxies at z ~ 4 (2022)
  • Author(s): Uchiyama Hisakazu、Yamashita Takuji、Toshikawa Jun、Kashikawa Nobunari、Ichikawa Kohei、Kubo Mariko、Ito Kei、Kawakatu Nozomu、Nagao Tohru、Toba Yoshiki、Ono Yoshiaki、Harikane Yuichi、Imanishi Masatoshi、Kajisawa Masaru、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Liang Yongming
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 926 Pages: 76～76
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac441c
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Galaxy morphologies revealed with Subaru HSC and super-resolution techniques. I. Major merger fractions of L_UV ~ 3-15 L*UV dropout galaxies at z ~ 4-7 (2022)
  • Author(s): Shibuya Takatoshi、Miura Noriaki、Iwadate Kenji、Fujimoto Seiji、Harikane Yuichi、Toba Yoshiki、Umayahara Takuya、Ito Yohito
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Pages: 73～91
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab111
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XVI. 69 New Quasars at 5.8 < z < 7.0 (2022)
  • Author(s): Matsuoka Yoshiki、Iwasawa Kazushi、Onoue Masafusa、...、Toba Yoshiki、Utsumi Yousuke、Wang Shiang-Yu、Yamashita Takuji
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume: 259 Pages: 18～18
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac3d31
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) (2021)
  • Author(s): Toba Yoshiki、Brusa Marcella、Liu Teng、Buchner Johannes、Terashima Yuichi、Urrutia Tanya、Salvato Mara、Akiyama Masayuki、Arcodia Riccardo、Goulding Andy D.、Higuchi Yuichi、Inoue Kaiki T.、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Lamer Georg、Merloni Andrea、Nagao Tohru、Ueda Yoshihiro、Nandra Kirpal
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 649 Pages: L11～L11
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140317
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] How Does the Polar Dust Affect the Correlation between Dust Covering Factor and Eddington Ratio in Type 1 Quasars Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16? (2021)
  • Author(s): Toba Yoshiki、Ueda Yoshihiro、Gandhi Poshak、Ricci Claudio、Burgarella Denis、Buat Veronique、Nagao Tohru、Oyabu Shinki、Matsuhara Hideo、Hsieh Bau-Ching
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 912 Pages: 91～91
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe94a
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Revisiting the Color-Color Selection: Submillimeter and AGN Properties of NUV-r-J Selected Quiescent Galaxies (2021)
  • Author(s): Hwang Yu-Hsuan、Wang Wei-Hao、Chang Yu-Yen、Lim Chen-Fatt、Chen Chian-Chou、Gao Zhen-Kai、Dunlop James S.、Gao Yu、Ho Luis C.、Hwang Ho Seong、Koprowski Maciej、Michalowski Michal J.、Peng Ying-jie、Shim Hyunjin、Simpson James M.、Toba Yoshiki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 913 Pages: 6～6
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf11a
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A candidate optically quiescent quasar lacking narrow emission lines (2021)
  • Author(s): Greenwell Claire、Gandhi Poshak、Stern Daniel、Boorman Peter、Toba Yoshiki、Lansbury George、Mainieri Vincenzo、Desira Christopher
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters Volume: 503 Pages: L80～L84
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slab019
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIII. Large-scale Feedback and Star Formation in a Low-luminosity Quasar at z = 7.07 on the Local Black Hole to Host Mass Relation (2021)
  • Author(s): Izumi Takuma、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Fujimoto Seiji、Onoue Masafusa、Strauss Michael A.、Umehata Hideki、Imanishi Masatoshi、Kohno Kotaro、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Kawamuro Taiki、Baba Shunsuke、Nagao Tohru、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 914 Pages: 36～36
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf6dc
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field (2021)
  • Author(s): Poliszczuk Artem、Pollo Agnieszka、Malk Katarzyna、Durkalec Anna、Pearson William J.、Goto Tomotsugu、Jin Kim Seong、Malkan Matthew、Oi Nagisa、Ho Simon C.-C.、Shim Hyunjin、Pearson Chris、Seong Hwang Ho、Toba Yoshiki、Kim Eunbin
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 651 Pages: A108～A108
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202040219
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A systematic study of silicate absorption features in heavily obscured AGNs observed by Spitzer/IRS (2021)
  • Author(s): Tsuchikawa T.、Kaneda H.、Oyabu S.、Kokusho T.、Kobayashi H.、Yamagishi M.、Toba Y.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 651 Pages: A117～A117
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140483
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Sizes of Quasar Host Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (2021)
  • Author(s): Li Junyao、Silverman John D.、Ding Xuheng、Strauss Michael A.、Goulding Andy、Birrer Simon、Yesuf Hassen M.、Xue Yongquan、Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Toba Yoshiki、Nagao Tohru、Schramm Malte、Inayoshi Kohei
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 918 Pages: 22～22
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac06a8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIV. A Candidate Type II Quasar at z = 6.1292 (2021)
  • Author(s): Onoue Masafusa、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Kashikawa Nobunari、Strauss Michael A.、Iwasawa Kazushi、Izumi Takuma、Nagao Tohru、Asami Naoko、Fujimoto Seiji、Harikane Yuichi、Hashimoto Takuya、Imanishi Masatoshi、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Shibuya Takatoshi、Toba Yoshiki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 919 Pages: 61～61
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0f07
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Identifying AGN Host Galaxies by Machine Learning with HSC+WISE (2021)
  • Author(s): Chang Yu-Yen、Hsieh Bau-Ching、Wang Wei-Hao、Lin Yen-Ting、Lim Chen-Fatt、Toba Yoshiki、Zhong Yuxing、Chang Siou-Yu
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 920 Pages: 68～68
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac167c
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Optically detected galaxy cluster candidates in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole field based on photometric redshift from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (2021)
  • Author(s): Huang Ting-Chi、Matsuhara Hideo、Goto Tomotsugu、...、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 506 Pages: 6063～6080
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2128
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Environmental effects on AGN activity via extinction-free mid-infrared census (2021)
  • Author(s): Santos Daryl Joe D、Goto Tomotsugu、Kim Seong Jin、Wang Ting-Wen、Ho Simon C-C、Hashimoto Tetsuya、Huang Ting-Chi、Lu Ting-Yi、On Alvina Y L、Wong Yi-Hang Valerie、Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang、Pollo Agnieszka、Malkan Matthew A、Miyaji Takamitsu、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 507 Pages: 3070～3088
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2352
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IV. Rapidly Growing (Super)Massive Black Holes in Extremely Radio-loud Galaxies (2021)
  • Author(s): Ichikawa Kohei、Yamashita Takuji、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 921 Pages: 51～51
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1b26
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Optical Spectroscopy of Dual Quasar Candidates from the Subaru HSC-SSP program (2021)
  • Author(s): Tang Shenli、Silverman John D.、Ding Xuheng、Li Junyao、Lee Khee-Gan、Strauss Michael A.、Goulding Andy、Schramm Malte、Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee、Xavier Prochaska J.、Hennawi Joseph F.、Imanishi Masatoshi、Iwasawa Kazushi、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 922 Pages: 83～83
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1ff0
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The evolution of merger fraction of galaxies at z < 0.6 depending on the star formation mode in the AKARI NEP-Wide Field (2021)
  • Author(s): Kim Eunbin、Hwang Ho Seong、Jeong Woong-Seob、Kim Seong Jin、Burgarella Denis、Goto Tomotsugu、Hashimoto Tetsuya、Jo Young-Soo、Lee Jong Chul、Malkan Matthew、Pearson Chris、Shim Hyunjin、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 507 Pages: 3113～3124
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2090
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Synchronized Coevolution between Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies over the Last Seven Billion Years as Revealed by Hyper Suprime-Cam (2021)
  • Author(s): Li Junyao、Silverman John D.、Ding Xuheng、Strauss Michael A.、Goulding Andy、Schramm Malte、Yesuf Hassen M.、Sun Mouyuan、Xue Yongquan、Birrer Simon、Shi Jingjing、Toba Yoshiki、Nagao Tohru、Imanishi Masatoshi
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 922 Pages: 142～142
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2301
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Comprehensive Broadband X-Ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in 57 Local Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with NuSTAR and/or Swift/BAT (2021)
  • Author(s): Yamada Satoshi、Ueda Yoshihiro、Tanimoto Atsushi、Imanishi Masatoshi、Toba Yoshiki、Ricci Claudio、Privon George C.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume: 257 Pages: 61～61
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac17f5
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Where’s Swimmy?: Mining unique color features buried in galaxies by deep anomaly detection using Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam data (2021)
  • Author(s): Tanaka Takumi S、Shimakawa Rhythm、Shimasaku Kazuhiro、Toba Yoshiki、Kashikawa Nobunari、Tanaka Masayuki、Inoue Akio K
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 74 Pages: 1～23
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab105
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] eROSITA view of WISE-selected AGN at z < 4 (2022)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba, T.Liu, T.Urrutia, M.Salvato, J.Li, Y.Ueda, M.Brusa, N.Yutani, K.Wada, and HSC-eROSITA AGN collaboration
  • Organizer: GALAXY EVOLUTION WORKSHOP 2021
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] An overview of AGN WG (2022)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba
  • Organizer: The HSC collaboration meeting 2022
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] eROSITA view of an extremely infrared-luminous AGN at z = 1.87 (2022)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Marcella Brusa, Teng Liu, Johannes Buchner, Yuichi Terashima, Tanya Urrutia, Mara Salvato, and eROSITA-HSC AGN collaboration
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 春季年会
• [Presentation] すばる望遠鏡を用いた銀河団中のAGNfraction分布の調査 (2022)
  • Author(s): 橋口葵、鳥羽儀樹、太田直美、大栗真宗、上田佳宏、他HSC project 364 メンバー
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 春季年会
• [Presentation] eROSITA view of WISE mid-IR galaxies/AGN (2021)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba, M.Brusa, T.Liu, T.Urrutia, J.Buchner, J.Li, A.Merloni, T.Nagao, A.Nishizawa, M.Salvato, Y.Terashima,.Ueda, K.Wada, N.Yutani, and HSC-eROSITA AGN collaboration
  • Organizer: 17th German eROSITA Virtual Consortium meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] HSC AGN overview (2021)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba
  • Organizer: Joint XXL-HSC meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] SOFIA/HAWC+ view of an extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 3.7 (2021)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba
  • Organizer: The Future of Airborne Infrared/Submm Astronomy: Prospects and Opportunities
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] eROSITA view of WISE-selected AGN (2021)
  • Author(s): Y.Toba
  • Organizer: East-Asia AGN Workshop 2021
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] せいめい望遠鏡 KOOLS-IFU 可視面分光観測で探る NGC 7674 の AGN活動 (2021)
  • Author(s): 鳥羽儀樹、守屋碧、太田直美、山田智史、城知磨、 松林和也、橋口葵、柴田実桜 、美里らな、上田佳宏
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 秋季年会
• [Presentation] How does the polar dust affect the correlation between dust covering factor and Eddington ratio in type 1 quasars selected from the SDSS DR16? (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Yoshihiro Ueda, Poshak Gandhi, Claudio Ricci, Denis Burgarella, Veronique Buat, Tohru Nagao, Shinki Oyabu, Hideo Matsuhara, Bau-Ching Hsieh
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 秋季年会
• [Presentation] 中間赤外線サーベイによる埋もれたAGNの探査：現状のまとめとFORCEへの期待 (2021)
  • Author(s): 鳥羽儀樹
  • Organizer: 第５回FORCE研究会 (埋もれたAGNの宇宙論的進化)
  • Invited