2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Production of functional substances derived from fatty acids in human milk fat by Bifidobacterium
Project/Area Number |
19K15732
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Basic Section 38020:Applied microbiology-related
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Research Institution | Kyoto University |
Principal Investigator |
Gotoh Aina 京都大学, 生命科学研究科, 特別研究員(PD) (60738384)
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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Keywords | 母乳 / ビフィズス菌 / HYA / LA / 脂質 / 腸管バリア機能 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Breast-fed infants generally have gut microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria. However, reason of why humans have selected bifidobacteria remains unanswered.We analyzed oils of mother's milk and infant's feces, and showed that HYA, which stimulates epithelial barrier function, is detected in only infant’s feces. We inferred that HYA was produced from conversion of LA, an essential fatty acid contained in breast milk, by gut microbes. Microbiota analysis revealed the strong correlation between the cell counts of genus Bifidobacterium and the conversion ratio of LA to HYA in infant stools. In addition, we demonstrated that Bifidobacterium and purified enzymes of Bifidobacterium convert LA to HYA in vitro assay. Interestingly, it was found thatt the comversion ability was different among the species. In human, infant-gut assocated bifidobacterium grown by oligosaccharides may enhance HYA production, thereby fortifying the barrier function of intestinal cells of vulnerable infants.
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Free Research Field |
微生物学、分子生物学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
宿主と腸内細菌の関係は、主にオミクス的アプローチから研究され、重要な知見がもたらされた。それらを基盤とし、疾病治療、健康機能食品への応用が広く期待されている。それに伴い、両者の関連を物質や遺伝子レベルのメカニズムとして説明することが求められるようになってきたが、従来のオミクス研究だけではその達成は難しい。 本研究は、ビフィズス菌という特定の菌種、母乳中のLAとHYAという特定の物質に絞った解析を行うものである。これは、宿主由来物質・菌・遺伝子・機能物質というそれぞれ具体的な因子を、一連のメカニズムとして明らかにしたものであり、今後の腸内細菌研究が目指すべき新しい形を示すものである。
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