2019 Fiscal Year Research-status Report
Multi-omics authentication of global and adulterated Japanese non-centrifugal brown sugars
| Project/Area Number |
19K15784
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| Research Institution | University of the Ryukyus |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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| Keywords | Food flavor quality / Brown sugar / MS-e-nose profiling |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
Food quality and flavor profile differences of Japanese and Southeast Asian non-centrifugal sugars were investigated. Target sample collection covers not only brown sugar from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) material but also widely include traditionally made unrefined sugars from palm (Borassus flabellifer) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) of different countries in Southeast Asia region, including Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Results indicated that sugar material much affects its color index values, bioactive contents, and antioxidant potentials, in which phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of cane sugars were greater than in palm and coconut sugars. On the other hand, both material and origin factors differentiated its volatile flavor composition which comprised of Maillard reaction products (furanone, pyrazine, furan), acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and sulfurs. All traditionally made unrefined sugars had significantly greater Maillard reaction products and less acetic acid than in industrially manufactured cane sugars. Moreover, mass spectrometry (MS)-based electronic nose profiling technique presented flavor quality index and nine chemometric statistical clusters of non-centrifugal sugars of different materials and origins, wherein Japanese and Thai cane sugars, as well as Indonesian and Thai palm sugars showed comparable flavor profiles. These results could be used as basis for further authentication assessment of those sugars in term of their food qualities and flavor profiles.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
Non-centrifugal sugars collection covers not only brown sugar from cane material but also widely include unrefined sugars from palm and coconut of different countries in Southeast Asia region. For domestic non-centrifugal sugar collection, freshly produced cane sugars (kokuto) have been gathered from manufacturers in four prefectures, including Okinawa, Kagoshima, Aichi, and Kochi, during sugarcane harvest season in winter to early spring from December 2019 to April 2020.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
Sample collection of non-centrifugal sugars will be expanded to major producing countries across the globe, including Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, India), Africa (Tanzania), Central America (Colombia), and South America (Brazil). Domestic brown sugars (kokuto) from Okinawa, Kagoshima-Amami, Aichi, and Kochi will be included in nutrient and flavor profiling analyses. Component profiling on taste-related nutrients, phenolics and flavonoids will be evaluated using HPLC-MS; minerals using ICP-MS; and volatile flavor compounds using untargeted SPME Arrow-GC-FID/MS. Furthermore, rapid MS-e-nose profiling system will be developed for headspace volatile flavor of non-centrifugal sugars of domestic and foreign origins. The acquired MS ions database from MS-e-nose analysis can be potently utilized for authentication/adulteration test of Okinawan specialty brown sugars (eight islands' kokuto).
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| Causes of Carryover |
The spending in this year was comprised of expendable supplies for GC analysis, volatiles trapping apparatus, and research results dissemination in an international conference (13th Asian Congress of Nutrition). However, expendable supplies were not as high as expected, and brown sugar samples could be efficiently stored in existing freezer capacities and thus purchasing a new storage apparatus could be delayed. In the next fiscal year, the support funding will be used for purchasing consumables such as glassware and analytical reagents for nutrient and flavor evaluations, participating in domestic academic meeting (Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology or Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry), and proofreading service for supporting research paper publication.
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[Presentation] Physico-chemical quality discrimination and volatile flavor profiling of regional non-centrifugal sugar made from sugarcane, palm, and coconut2019
Author(s)
Yonathan Asikin, Miyako Kusano, Monthana Weerawatanakorn, Kanyaphat Meerod, Hajime Tamaki, Koji Wada
Organizer
13th Asian Congress of Nutrition, Bali, Indonesia, アジア栄養学会連合 (Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies: FANS) (Ann Nutr Metab 2019;75:1-424: DOI: 10.1159/000501751)
Int'l Joint Research
