Characterizaion of interspecific hybridization barrier of fruit trees in the Rosaceae and its application towards depeloping new hybrid crops

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K15834
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 39030:Horticultural science-related
• Research Institution: Kyoto Prefectural University
• Principal Investigator: MORIMOTO TAKUYA 京都府立大学, 生命環境科学研究科, 講師 (90837634)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 遠縁交雑 / 属間雑種 / 種間障壁 / リンゴ亜連 / バラ科果樹 / ゲノム解析

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Characterization of underling mechanism on interspecific hybridization barrier would be a fundamental step towards the development of new hybrid crops. In this study, we investigated genetic bases of intergeneric hybridization barrier between apple (Malus) and pear (Pyrus), two important fruit trees in the family Rosaceae. Application of genome-wide analysis enabled us to identify a single genomic locus on the middle part of chromosome 5 that control the intergeneric barrier. Comparative genome analysis targeting on this region identified a large insertion sequence specific to Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) genome. Among genes located on the identified genomic region, we detected promising candidate genes, which shows species-specific expression in pollen as well as allele-specific expression.

Free Research Field

果樹園芸学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

近年の気候変動によって作物を取り巻く生育環境は刻々と変化しており，新しい生産体系の構築に向けて，遺伝的多様性を増加させることは育種プログラムの最重要課題である．有効な手法の一つとなるのが種間交雑であるが，多くの場合，種間障壁によって雑種形成が阻害される．本研究では，主要果樹であるリンゴとナシの属間交雑の成否を制御するゲノム領域を同定し，果樹の新規雑種の作出にむけた基盤を提供した．果樹は近縁種間で多様な種間障壁を形成しており，その機構解明は農学的な意義に加えて，種の分化・形成といった進化学のモデルにもなりうることを示した．