The effect of gut microbiota composition on rotavirus vaccine response.

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K16677
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 49060:Virology-related
• Research Institution: Fujita Health University
• Principal Investigator: Hiramatsu Hiroyuki 藤田医科大学, 医学研究科, 研究員 (80623206)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: ロタウイルス / ワクチン

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The efficacy of rotavirus vaccines have been varied, with low income countries showing significantly lower efficacy as compared to higher income countries in America and Europe. It has been suggested that intestinal rotavirus vaccine replication and immune response are affected by several factors, such as maternal antibodies, breastfeeding, and gut microbiome. In this study, although the kinetics of fecal rotavirus vaccine viral shedding and immune responses differed among vaccinated individuals, they appeared to be similar within twin pairs. RV shedding after the first dose and IgG titers during the entire observation period had a significantly better fit in the fixed effect model that assumed twins had the same response than that twins were different. We also revealed that variations in the diversity of the gut microbiome may contribute to individual differences in immune response to rotavirus infection.

Free Research Field

感染症

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では、早産児の被接種児ごとに便中ワクチン株排泄パターンには多様性があり、IgA抗体価と便中ワクチン株の排泄量には正の相関がみられることを明らかにした。腸内環境などの免疫応答にかかわる因子が類似していると考えられる双生児間で、実際に免疫応答が類似したことを統計学的に証明したことや、腸内細菌叢の多様性と免疫応答との関係性を示したデータは、今後のワクチンの重症化予防効果を説明するための一助になると考えられる。