2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Analysis of molecular and cellular basis of activity-dependent myelination
Project/Area Number |
19K21211
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Project/Area Number (Other) |
18H06089 (2018)
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund (2019) Single-year Grants (2018) |
Review Section |
0704:Neuroscience, brain sciences, and related fields
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Research Institution | Kobe University |
Principal Investigator |
SUGIO SHOUTA 神戸大学, 医学研究科, 助教 (30825344)
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Project Period (FY) |
2018-08-24 – 2020-03-31
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Keywords | 神経活動依存性髄鞘形成 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Our brain is composed from neurons and glial cells. Recent studies have unveiled that oligodendrocytes (OCs), a type of glial cells, extend numerous processes to neuronal axons and communicate together to regulate neuronal conduction velocity, which likely mediated by processes of OCs. Here, we performed two-photon microscopy in vivo and patch clamp recording in acute brain slice using a transgenic mouse that expressed a fluorescent calcium indicator (GCaMP6) in OCs.Two-photon imaging revealed that an oligodendrocyte has various spaciotemporal pattern of calcium activity at each processes within a cells, and we demonstrated that changes in neuronal activity are affected to the calcium responses of oligodendtocytes. Notably, the frequency and active spots are increased with neuronal activation and decreased with neuronal suppression. Moreover, patchclamp analysis indicated that the calcium transient in oligodendrocyte is mediated by neurotransmitters.
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Free Research Field |
神経科学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
これまでのグリア細胞に関する研究は、神経細胞・グリア細胞間の情報交換や栄養交換といった主に「灰白質や脳血管周囲」での神経細胞・グリア細胞クロストークに焦点が当てられてきた。近年、統合失調症などの高次脳機能を獲得した人に固有の疾患である精神疾患において、白質における髄鞘密度(情報伝導速度)の低下とその発症との関連性が示され、高次脳機能障害における白質の重要性が認識されるようになってきている。本研究によって得られた知見はこれら高次脳機能を理解するための共通基盤となることが期待される。
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