2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
A role for oligodendrocyte precurser cells in the regulation of cognitive functions
Project/Area Number |
19K22494
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 47:Pharmaceutical sciences and related fields
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Research Institution | Kyoto University |
Principal Investigator |
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-06-28 – 2022-03-31
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Keywords | オリゴデンドロサイト前駆細胞 / 認知機能障害 / 多発性硬化症 / 脳血管疾患 / 白質傷害 / CNS炎症 / グリア細胞 / TRPM3 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Emerging evidence suggests that white matter injury, namely demyelination / myelin sheath dysfunction is an important pathological chnge for therapeutic intervention not only in central demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, but also in other central nervous system diseases such as dementia. Since oligodendrocytes, which form the myelin sheath, are generated from the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), the increase in OPC number and activation has been generally thought to contribute to the improvement of the pathophysiology of the above neurological diseases. This study demonstrates that there are a large number of Trpm3-positive OPCs in the vicinity of the site of cerebrovascular injury in an undifferentiated state, and that selective removal of OPCs in the acute onset phase of mouse multiple sclerosis model EAE model suppressed the clinical scores. This indicates that OPCs have dual aspect: neuroprotective and neurodestructive.
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Free Research Field |
中枢神経薬理
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
髄鞘(ミエリン鞘)は、神経線維の周囲を取り囲む絶縁体であり、線維の保護だけでなく、情報伝達を飛躍的に効率化する役割も担っています。近年、この髄鞘の機能が、多発性硬化症などの中枢脱髄性疾患のみならず、認知症など他の中枢神経疾患でも起きていることが判明しつつあります。髄鞘はオリゴデンドロサイトにより作られ、それはオリゴデンドロサイト前駆細胞(OPC)から分化・成熟することから、OPC数の増加や活性化はこれら疾患の改善につながると信じられてきましたが、本研究により、必ずしもそうではないことがわかりました。今後は各病態特異的にOPCの挙動を適正化することが、新たな疾患治療戦略となるのかもしれません。
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