Development of a personal identification method by multiple kinships analysis using whole-genome information.

2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K22758
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Medium-sized Section 58:Society medicine, nursing, and related fields
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: Tamaki Keiji 京都大学, 医学研究科, 教授 (90217175)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-06-28 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: DNA多型 / ジェネオロジー / 血縁鑑定 / 身元確認 / SNPs / ICS

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have developed software named KinBN that can determine the kinship by calculating the likelihood ratio about the presence of complex kinship such as involving more than two people. KinBN is now listed online and anyone can download and use it free of charge. We also prepared simulated denatured DNA samples in which the DNA concentration and fragmentation were changed stepwise, and examined how much the SNPs information was obtained using a microarray. The results showed that it was possible to determine up to the third-degree blood relationship even if there was some DNA denaturation. It was also found that even if the number of 25,000 SNPs can confirm the relationship up to the third-degree blood relationship unless there are no erroneous base calls.

Free Research Field

法医学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

現行のDNA型検査に伴う遠縁や複数人の参照者を用いる複雑な血縁鑑定においても、多数ローカス間の連鎖を考慮した正確な尤度比が算出できるようになった。このため、在宅試料がなく異同識別検査では身元を確認できない大規模災害などで、多数の死亡者が出た際の身元確認に非常に有効となる。また、ＤＮＡマイクロアレイによるSNPsタイピングはある程度DNAが断片化した変性試料においても、血縁の判断が可能なことがわかった。このため、精度の高い血縁者検索法を提案することが可能となり、戦没者遺骨の身元確認のような変性した微量のDNA検査にも福音をもたらすと期待される。