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2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Historical research on the ethics of human embryo research in Japan

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19K23029
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section 0101:Philosophy, art, and related fields
Research InstitutionRitsumeikan University

Principal Investigator

Sakai Megumi  立命館大学, 衣笠総合研究機構, 研究員 (00851578)

Project Period (FY) 2019-08-30 – 2022-03-31
Keywords優生保護法 / 人工妊娠中絶 / 中絶胎児 / 標本 / 中絶技術
Outline of Final Research Achievements

In Japan, there is a specimen of miscarriage / abortion fetus called "Kyoto Collection". It was collected in the 1960s and 70s under the Eugenics Protection Act. There are about 45,000 miscarriage and abortion fetuses. It is the largest in the world. This study focuses on abortion. This study has historically examined the context, background and circumstances in which the specimens were made. The result of this research is to analyze materials such as novels, memoirs, and medical papers, and to clarify the eyes of the disabled in Japan in the 1960s. Next, I focused on the collection network and conducted interviews with related parties. Finally, I showed the correlation between obstetrician abortion techniques and sample collection.

Free Research Field

医学史

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

今日、標本のデータベース化がすすむと同時に、先天異常の発生予防、妊婦管理のガイドラインや各種医学研究への応用が期待されている。「京都コレクション」の流産・中絶胎児は、旧優生保護法にもとづき、1960-70年代に集中的に蒐集された。1960年代日本の障害者が社会においていかなる存在であったのかを明らかにすることで、先天異常が医学における主要なテーマとなる背景を示すことができた。また、旧優生保護法のもとで実施された中絶についての関連資料、産科医の言説を分析し、 優生保護法改正に伴う中絶件数の増加と産科医の中絶技術の向上が標本蒐集の契機になったことを示し、優生保護法下の中絶の実態に迫ることができた。

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Published: 2023-01-30  

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