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2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Prospectivity of constitutional interpretations

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 19K23147
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section 0105:Law and related fields
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

Yamazaki Kosuke  北海道大学, 法学研究科, 助教 (40844668)

Project Period (FY) 2019-08-30 – 2021-03-31
Keywords違憲審査制 / 違憲判断の方法 / 違憲判断の遡及効限定
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Supreme court constitutional adjudication can have a powerful effect on the entire society. In that case, supreme court places an explicit limit on the retrospective effect of its decision occasionally. This technique known as prospective overruling. In this study, we explore a rationale for prospective constitutional adjudication under the Constitution of Japan. To this end, we begin by studying prospective overruling in American law, especially Benjamin Cardozo's thinking. Since he is one of the largest advocate for prospective overruling. In conclusion, it is clarified that his legal pragmatism which discovers the lawmaking power of courts connect closely with prospective overruling.

Free Research Field

憲法学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

違憲判断の遡及効限定は、違憲判断に伴う社会的インパクトを抑制するものとして、違憲審査制の機能条件の一つとしてみることができる。その一方で、違憲判断の影響が及ばないとされた当事者からみれば、それは権利保障の否定に他ならない。遡及効限定の理論的基礎づけを問うことには、その法的根拠を明らかにすることにより、違憲審査制の健全化に資する一方で、同時に、その法的限界を明らかにすることにより、権利の実現・否定が恣意的に行われないよう規範的統制を及ぼすという意義がある。このような問いは、これまで憲法学においても、必ずしも十分に取り組まれてこなかったが、本研究ではこれに正面から取り組んでいる。

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Published: 2022-01-27  

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