Building a legal framework according to the type of donation

2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K23150
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: 0105:Law and related fields
• Research Institution: Asahi University (2020); Tohoku University (2019)
• Principal Investigator: KOIDE HAYATO 朝日大学, 法学部, 講師 (60844818)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-08-30 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: 寄付 / 信託的譲渡

Outline of Final Research Achievements

I examined the theories on the legal structure of donations in Japanese and German law. As a result, it was clarified that the problem of treatment of donated property, such as bankruptcy of the donor or the possibility of seizure of the donated property by the donor's creditors, has been assumed, and that the trust-like transfer theory and the trust law structure have been considered to cope with these problems. In addition, some theories in Japanese law and German law refer to types of donations other than those involving the three parties, and it was confirmed that discussions were made according to the types of donations. Furthermore, I found a direction to appropriately grasp the types of donations in the present age and to consider the legal structure according to the types of donations by referring to the discussions of the aforementioned theories.

Free Research Field

民法

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

研究成果の意義は、これまで募集者の目的に従った寄付財産の処理義務、およびこれに対応する寄付者の請求権を基礎付けることを中心に学説では議論されていたものの、寄付財産に関しては、募集者が破産した場合や、寄付財産が募集者の債権者から差押えを受けるおそれ等の寄付財産の処遇の問題が想定されており、それらに対応するためにも信託的譲渡説、信託法による構成が考えられてきたということを明らかにしたことである。また日独の諸学説の中には、寄付の類型に応じた議論がなされていることも確認できた。それにより、現代の寄付の類型を適切に把握し、寄付の類型に応じた法的枠組の構築を目指すといった今後の研究の方向性も見出した。