Diversity of female labour among former socialist countries: a comparative analysis of the factors governing female labour

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K23256
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: 0108:Sociology and related fields
• Research Institution: Soka University
• Principal Investigator: Satogami Mihoko 創価大学, 経営学部, 講師 (20845391)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-08-30 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 比較制度 / 移行経済 / 労働システム / 社会政策 / ジェンダー / 国家主導

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The study analyzed the influence of the state on female labor in East Germany before unification, and found that the state's strong initiative led to a high level of women's entry into the labor market in a very short period of time, while the division of labor remained unchanged due to the lack of political freedom and other factors, resulting in a distorted form of women's social advancement. On the other hand, the lack of political freedom and other factors did not change the division of labor roles, resulting in the social advancement of women in an irrational manner. In addition, a meta-analysis of the wage gap between men and women in former socialist countries in Europe revealed the following 3 points: 1) the estimated level of the wage gap between men and women in emerging European markets throughout the period of transition, 2) the differences between EU member and non-EU countries in the level of the wage gap, and 3) the long-term trends in the wage gap between men and women.

Free Research Field

比較制度論

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究によって、女性労働の拡大に果たす国家、あるいはEUなどの国際機関の役割の大きさが明らかになった。国家や国際機関による強制的ともいえる広範にわたる制度の変更とイニシアティブがあることにより、女性労働の拡大や賃金格差の解消という目標を達成することが可能となったことが示された。それとともに、その際には労働市場以外の様々な角度からのジェンダー平等が検討される必要があることも明らかとなった。こうした知見は女性活躍に取り組みながらもジェンダーギャップの解消が進まない我が国にとっては、今後の施策に重要な示唆を与えるものである。