2010 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Devising a multiplex DNA typing system to identify the third-degree kinship
| Project/Area Number |
20390195
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Legal medicine
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
TAMAKI Kenji Kyoto University, 医学研究科, 教授 (90217175)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
YAMAMOTO Toshimichi 名古屋大学, 医学系研究科, 准教授 (50260592)
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| Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha) |
TSURUYAMA Tatsuki 京都大学, 医学研究科, 准教授 (00303842)
IINO Morio 大阪大学, 医学系研究科, 助教 (80362466)
OKUNO Tomoko 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助教 (30288386)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2008 – 2010
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| Keywords | DNA多型医学 / 親子鑑定 / ミニサテライト / 第3度血縁 |
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| Research Abstract |
Arriving at a conclusion that two individuals are third degree relatives (e.g. cousin) via DNA analysis is a difficult task as the purported individuals have only a 25% chance of sharing common alleles at any given locus. In order to increase the certainty of the relationship, experts often resort to hypervariable minisatellite loci because a pair of individuals can demonstrate high likelihood ratios (LRs) in the event that they share rare alleles. We firstly investigated the comparison of allele structures in Thai, Han Chinese, and Japanese populations. The great majority of alignable Asian alleles showed their closest structural relative in Asia. This rapidly evolving minisatellite can therefore serve as a lineage marker for exploring recent events in human population history and dissecting population structure at the fine-scale level, as well as being an extremely informative DNA marker for personal identification. we then examined third degree relatives from two groups of siblings
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using two hypervariable minisatellite loci. Relationships were not established because no alleles were shared between the two groups ; albeit sharing of alleles within each group was noted in moderation. We also estimated the distribution of LRs in a variety of kinships (parent-child, siblings, two s! iblings etc.) using a commercially available typing kit which simultaneously amplifies 15 STR loci. Although the STR system is extremely useful in establishing individual identification when both parents, or two or more children (or siblings) are available for comparison it is highly unlikely that the system will be effective in third degree kinship analyses. This postulation is based on our study of samples obtained from known third degree relatives in which we attempted a microsatellite-based approach to establishing kinship. However, unfortunately with microsatellites alone the calculated LR was less than 1, which is insufficient for positive identification. Consequently, a more effective method such that estimates the proportion of chromosomal sharing would be more advantageous in comparison to attempting to demonstrate allelic hypervariability at several loci. To date we have analyzed 382 dinucleotide loci distributed throughout the human genome in order to estimate the length proportion of shared haplotypes between two individuals in varying modes of kinship. The initial data we have obtained is promising and is currently being carefully analyzed. Less
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