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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Molecular mechanisms for recognition and pairing of homologous chromosomes

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20H00454
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 43:Biology at molecular to cellular levels, and related fields
Research InstitutionOsaka University

Principal Investigator

Hiraoka Yasushi  大阪大学, 大学院生命機能研究科, 招へい教授 (10359078)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords染色体 / クロマチン / 細胞核 / 減数分裂 / 細胞分裂
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is an important process that reorganizes the genome derived from the parents. This process is essential for the normal chromosome segregation that occurs thereafter. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms for recognizing homologous chromosomes to pair with each other. Using fission yeast as an experimental system, we used live-cell fluorescence imaging, genetic analysis, and biochemical analysis to focus on higher-order structures created by meiotic cohesin, local structures created by non-coding RNA, and fine structures created by histone modifications. Our results revealed that recognition and pairing of homologous chromosomes requires non-coding RNA that accumulates on chromosomes and a chromatin axis structure created by meiotic cohesin Rec8.

Free Research Field

分子細胞生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

相同染色体の識別と対合に必要な仕組みとして、テロメアクラスター、細胞核の往復運動、染色体上に蓄積する非コードRNAおよび減数分裂コヒーシンRec8が作るクロマチン軸構造が重要であることを明らかにした。非コードRNAが液・液相分離を介して相同部位をたぐり寄せる新奇なモデルを提唱し、学術的に貢献した。この成果は分裂酵母が先導したが、広範な生物での検証が行われつつある。
また、Rec8はヒトにまで保存されたタンパク質であり、このタンパク質の異常により減数分裂期の染色体分配が異常になる。その結果、ダウン症などの染色体異常が生じることが知られていることから、この発見はダウン症発生の仕組みの理解に繋がる。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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