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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Translational regulation enhances distinction of cell types in the nervous system

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20H00519
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 51:Brain sciences and related fields
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

Tanimoto Hiromu  東北大学, 生命科学研究科, 教授 (70714955)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 近藤 周  東京理科大学, 先進工学部生命システム工学科, 准教授 (90408401)
市之瀬 敏晴  東北大学, 学際科学フロンティア研究所, 助教 (20774748)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords翻訳制御
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Multicellular organisms are composed of specialized cells with distinct proteomes. While recent advances in single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed differential expression of mRNAs, cellular diversity in translational profiles remains to be understood.
In this study, by performing RNA-seq and ribo-seq in genetically-defined cells in the Drosophila brain, we revealed substantial posttranscriptional regulations that augment the cell-type distinctions. Overall, these findings underscore the profound impact of translational regulation in shaping cell identity and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving cell-type diversity.

Free Research Field

分子生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

近年のシングルセルRNA-seq法の普及により、ショウジョウバエにおいても標的細胞のトランスクリプトーム解析が報告されてきた。一方で、トランスラトーム解析については発展の途上にあり、その解像度は器官・組織レベルで留まっていた。本研究の高精度な翻訳活性測定とタンパク動態解析により、細胞腫特異的な翻訳制御の実体が分子・細胞レベルで初めて明らかとなり、記憶の長期化における翻訳制御メカニズムの解明に向けて先駆的なモデルを確立した。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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