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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Chromosome engineering to see how inversions and translocations affect plant genomes

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20H03297
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 45010:Genetics-related
Research InstitutionFukui Prefectural University

Principal Investigator

Kazama Yusuke  福井県立大学, 生物資源学部, 教授 (80442945)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 松永 幸大  東京大学, 大学院新領域創成科学研究科, 教授 (40323448)
FAWCETT JEFFREY  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 数理創造プログラム, 上級研究員 (50727394)
平野 智也  宮崎大学, 農学部, 准教授 (80455584)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords染色体 / 重複 / 重イオンビーム / エピゲノム / シロイヌナズナ / 染色体再編成
Outline of Final Research Achievements

The importance of chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions and translocations, in evolution has been suggested by comparative genomic analyses. To investigate the more direct effects of chromosomal rearrangements, we studied the effects of rearrangements on gene expression and traits in three mutants having rearrangements. One of them, the Ar55-as5 mutant, has slower initial leaf growth and delayed flower maturation, but larger final plant size and longer life span. This mutant has a novel chromosome that is composed of an inverted chromosome 2 and part of chromosome 4, in addition to the normal 10 chromosomes. Higher gene expression was observed in this new chromosome, and H3K4me3 modifications were accumulated there. This is the first finding that the chromatin of the novel duplicated chromosome tends to be relaxed.

Free Research Field

ゲノム生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

染色体再編成が生物の進化に影響を与えたであろうことは疑う余地はない。しかし、再編成が生物の形質に与える影響についての知見は乏しく、世界中の研究者が注目するところである。従来、1本ずつの染色体が重複したトリソミーやゲノム全体が倍化したシロイヌナズナで同様な実験が行われたが、エピゲノムへの影響はそれほど大きなものではなかった。これに対し本研究では、新規に出現した重複染色体が転写活性型ヒストンであるH3K4me3を集積し、実際に高い遺伝子発現量を示すことがわかった。このようなダイナミックな遺伝子発現量の変化が生物の大進化に何らかの影響を与えたのかもしれない。今後、各遺伝子に与える影響を精査していく。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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