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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Axonal degeneration and regeneration as common cell type-selective therapeutic targets in ALS

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20H03586
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 52020:Neurology-related
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

Aoki Masashi  東北大学, 医学系研究科, 教授 (70302148)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 割田 仁  東北大学, 大学病院, 助教 (30400245)
鈴木 直輝  東北大学, 大学病院, 助教 (70451599)
Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords筋萎縮性側索硬化症 / 運動ニューロン / 軸索変性 / 軸索再生 / オミックス
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutant TARDBP were differentiated into motor neurons. The neurite length of the TARDBP mutant motor neurons (MNs) were significantly shorter than that of healthy control. In transcriptome analysis of the axononal compartment of motor neurons, PHOX2B showed lower expression in the TARDBP mutant axons in comparison with healthy control subjects. In addition, phox2b knockdown in zebrafish resulted in short spinal axons and impaired motor function. Furthermore, we improved previously reported protocols for the differentiation from iPSCs into sensory and noradrenergic neurons, which enabled to measure the neurite length or separate the axons using microfluidic devices. The bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing to identify small molecule candidates is now in progress.

Free Research Field

神経内科学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では、ALS関連変異TDP-43患者由来iPS細胞から脊髄運動神経細胞に分化誘導することで、軸索におけるPHOX2B遺伝子発現の低下を初めて見出した。さらにゼブラフィッシュにおいてphox2b遺伝子をノックダウンすることで神経突起長の減少と運動機能の低下といった表現型を再現することができた。さらに、異なる種類の神経細胞の軸索で発現する遺伝子を網羅的に比較解析することが可能となった。このようなヒトALS由来細胞モデルを活用し、PHOX2B関連因子および下流因子を同定することで、細胞種選択的な軸索変性と軸索伸長不全のメカニズムを解明し、ALS治療標的分子を発見することが期待できる。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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