A History of Cultivation System in the 19th Century: Connecting Local Society to Global and Regional Trends

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K00999
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 03030:History of Asia and Africa-related
• Research Institution: Kyoto University (2022-2023); Nagoya University (2020-2021)
• Principal Investigator: Ohashi Atsuko 京都大学, 東南アジア地域研究研究所, 連携教授 (80311710)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: インドネシア・ジャワ島 / 強制栽培制度

Outline of Final Research Achievements

I examined the relationship between the Cultivation System and the trend of free trade in Asia, which had not been studied before, and discussed the following. The Cultivation　System and free trade were inseparably linked. The factors that combined the two were (1) the payment of the Dutch colonial government to the peasants of primary products for export such as coffee, (2) the collection of land taxes by the colonial government, and (3) the monopoly of transportation and commerce between the primary commodity production areas and international ports by Chinese merchants in collusion with the government. These connected the residencies within Java, as well as Java and the surrounding islands of the Dutch sphere of influence within a single system. In addition, global trade trends and the growing population in Java, whose livelihoods have stabilized under this system, have gradually altered the Cultivation System.

Free Research Field

歴史学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

以下の点で、新しい視角からの議論を行った。
１）従来、理事州単位でのみ行われていた個別実証研究を、互いに比較し関連付ける方法で、全理事州のシステム的連関を浮かび上がらせ、かつ19世紀前半・半ばについてはこのシステムを動態的に把握した。２）同様の方法で貿易と商業についてジャワ島の対欧米貿易、アジア間貿易、ジャワ島内の商業が互いに接続し、影響しあっていたことを示した。３）2020年代の転換期に、参照するに値する新しい実証研究に道を開くために、グローバルな貿易危機からの回復の光と影について輸出入、貨幣流通、物流、食糧生産に焦点をあてて先行研究と公刊史料を整理した。