Guarantee of the right to a fair trial and investigation

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K01346
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 05050:Criminal law-related
• Research Institution: Nagoya University
• Principal Investigator: MIYAKI Yasuhiro 名古屋大学, 法学研究科, 教授 (50453858)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: おとり捜査 / 身分秘匿捜査 / 公正な裁判を受ける権利 / 手続の打ち切り

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The European Court of Human Rights has been actively discussing the measures to be taken by each country since the 1998 Teixeira decision, which ruled against the so-called crime-inducing entrapment and excluded evidence on the grounds that it violated the right to a fair trial. This study focuses on the Akbay decision of 2020 in order to understand the situation after the Furcht decision, after which debate has been increasingly active. The Akbay decision had a significant impact on the German domestic courts in that it ruled that the prohibition of evidence and the consideration of the sentence are not sufficient. This point provides a useful insight into the Japanese debate as well, as it is fundamental to the fact that it is not sufficient to view the legal consequences of entrapment as a policy issue.

Free Research Field

刑事法

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

日本では、いわゆる犯意誘発型と機会提供型の区別の合理性が捜査法の領域で問われることになり、現在では、基本的に、捜査の適否の分水嶺とは考えられていない。もっとも、欧州人権裁判所の判例および各国の対応をみてみると、依然として、両者の区別は顕在的に意味をもつものとされている。その際に問題とされるのが公正な裁判を受ける権利である。この視点は、捜査の適否を前提とする法的帰結、とりわけ、違法収集証拠排除によることが有力化している日本において、一石を投じるものになる。なぜなら、従来の通説とされる二分説の意義を問い直すものであり、捜査法的問題とその余の問題の整理ないし関係性を問い直す意義があるからである。