Survey Research on Vocational Supplementary Schools and Local Communities in Modern Japan

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K02552
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 09010:Education-related
• Research Institution: Ashiya University
• Principal Investigator: Sampa Mitsuhiko 芦屋大学, 臨床教育学部, 特任教授 (90183392)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: 実業補習学校 / 青年教育 / 産業教育 / 中等教育 / 青年学校 / 教育自治 / 実業教育 / 社会教育

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Japanese education policy in the 1920s promoted the standardization of vocational supplementary schools, making them part of modern Japanese public education. And this was the development of national inclusion of youth education. This trend led to the policy of compulsory education for boys in the 1930s.Meanwhile, from the 1920s to the 1930s, during the rural crisis, many local communities reformed their vocational schools as autonomous educational institutions and implemented youth education suited to the local community. From a larger perspective, this can be seen as a historical process of community-based youth education driven by the educational needs of local communities. In other words, popular secondary education emerged from local communities.　The unique development process of these community-based supplementary vocational schools had a character and content that were at odds with the state-led modernization of Japan.

Free Research Field

44

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

地域に根差した実業補習学校の改革動向は、近代日本における大衆的中等教育の内発的遺産であったといえる。そしてその実態を分析的に見ると、塾教育などさまざまな伝統的な教育営為を、実業補習学校という公教育のなかに組み込みながら、地域の要求に即した青年教育を再構成することが試みられている。内発的な青年教育の形成というのは、そのことをも含意している。
そうした地域に根差した実業補習学校の個性的な展開過程は、広く見れば国家主導で進められた日本の近代化と対立する性格と内容をもつものであった。それは、国家主義的・中央集権的・画一的と評価されてきた戦前日本の教育に対する見方に、大きな修正を迫るものである。