2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
A novel mechanism of collective migration of cohesive cells embedded in 3D space
Project/Area Number |
20K03871
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Section | 一般 |
Review Section |
Basic Section 13040:Biophysics, chemical physics and soft matter physics-related
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Research Institution | Hokkaido University |
Principal Investigator |
Sato Katsuhiko 北海道大学, 電子科学研究所, 准教授 (90513622)
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Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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Keywords | 細胞の集団運動 / 細胞クラスター移動 / 方向依存的な界面張力 / 細胞表面の一方向流れ / 力学モデル / vertex model |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In early development of multicellular organisms, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, cells collectively migrate in three-dimensional tissues, in which cells are confined by a dense extracellular matrix or tightly adhering cells. To clarify the mechanisms of these cell migrations is important not only for natural science but also for medical science. In this study, we approached this problem from a mechanical point of view. By using a cellular vertex model, where forces within the cells are appropriately described, we showed that when cells have polarity and change the strength of contraction force and adhesion force on the cell surface depending on the relative position of the cell surface with respect to the cell center, then the cell surface flows from front to rear. That flow induces cell movement even when cells are adhered to each other to form a cluster. This finding can significantly contribute to our understanding of collective cell migration observed in real experiments.
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Free Research Field |
生物物理、ソフト・アクティブマター物理学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
細胞の集団運動は多細胞生物の体形成(形態形成)、傷の治癒、病気の転移などで見られる現象であり、そのメカニズムを知ることは自然科学的に重要であるだけでなく、医学的にも重要な課題である。細胞は生体内で組織で囲まれた3次元空間内を複数の細胞が隣の細胞と接着してクラスターを形成したまま移動することができるが、何故、どのように、細胞は隣の細胞と接着したまま移動できるかはこれまで大きな謎であった。本研究では細胞がクラスターを形成したまま移動できる仕組みを力学の視点から提供した。そのメカニズムは現実の世界で観測される多くの複雑な細胞運動の仕組みを解き明かす可能性を持っている。
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