2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Improvement of photosynthesis by the enhancement of catalytic turnover rate of Rubisco and elucidation of structure-function relationships
| Project/Area Number |
20K05998
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 39020:Crop production science-related
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| Research Institution | Kobe University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
松村 浩由 立命館大学, 生命科学部, 教授 (30324809)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Keywords | 光合成 / Rubisco / C4植物 / X線結晶構造 / イネ / 酵素特性 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Backcrossing of CSS lines expressing hybrid Rubisco composed of sorghum RbcS and rice RbcL, did not restore seed fertility. Transgenic rice plants expressing sorghum RbcS L102I and rice RbcS I102L mutant RbcS were produced and the Rubisco activity was measured. The catalytic rate of Rubisco was significantly lower in sorghum L102I line than in CSS line, and the Kc tended to be higher in rice I102L line. We produced rice plants expressing a complete hybrid Rubisco of napier grass RbcS and rice RbcL, but this Rubisco could not function normally. X-ray crystallographic analysis of hybrid Rubisco containing OsRbcS1 revealed a previously unreported difference in the structure of the catalytic site.
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| Free Research Field |
作物生産科学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
Rubiscoは光合成速度の主要な律速因子である．本研究ではソルガムRbcSをイネに導入することで，イネに高活性型のRubiscoを付与することに成功した．また，ソルガムRbcSの102番目のロイシンが触媒速度に関係することを点突然変異を導入したRbcSを用いて明らかにした．また，102番目がイソロイシンであるOsRbcS1にも触媒速度を高める効果があるが，そのメカニズムについてもX線結晶構造解析から推定することに成功した．これらの成果は学術的な価値だけでなく，光合成の改良による作物生産性の改良に繋がる重要な成果である．
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