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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Analysis of clinical validity of ctDNA monitoring for gastrointestinal cancer

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20K09064
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 55020:Digestive surgery-related
Research InstitutionIwate Medical University

Principal Investigator

Iwaya Takeshi  岩手医科大学, 医学部, 特任教授 (70405801)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords消化器癌 / circulating tumor DNA / 遺伝子変異
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We investigated whether frequent tumor burden monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provided clinically useful information for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Individual tumor-specific mutations detected by a panel sequencing of primary tumors were quantified as ctDNA using digital PCR (dPCR). The clinical validities of ctDNA monitoring in terms of early relapse prediction, treatment efficacy evaluation, and relapse-free corroboration have been confirmed in 91%, 85%, 33% in esophageal, colorectal, and gastric cancer patients, respectively. Multiregional sequence in gastric and colorectal cancer revealed that genetic heterogeneity in primary tumor had little effect in ctDNA monitoring by dPCR using clonal mutations. In daily practice, our personalized affordable dPCR method may be helpful in various insights for cancer patients.

Free Research Field

臨床腫瘍学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

がん遺伝子パネル検査が保険適応となり広く施行されるようになったが、検査結果からの治療到達率は低い。また高度進行癌症例が対象であり、遺伝子異常に対応する推奨治療が見つかってもわずかな期間の延命にしかつながっていない場合が多い。多くのがんで術後補助療法の有効性が示されているように、癌細胞量が微量であれば治療により治癒する可能性が上昇する。ctDNAは体内の腫瘍細胞量を反映するが、再発画像診断に約6か月先行して陽性化する。われわれが開発したctDNA検査システムは安価にくり返し検査が可能あり、個別化高感度腫瘍マーカーとして早期治療介入を可能とし、患者予後を改善すると期待される。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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