Development of nursing competencies required to prevent aspiration pneumonia among people with dementia in special nursing homes.

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K11026
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 58080:Gerontological nursing and community health nursing-related
• Research Institution: Aichi Prefectural University
• Principal Investigator: amaki nobuko 愛知県立大学, 看護学部, 講師 (40582581)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 百瀬 由美子 日本赤十字豊田看護大学, 看護学部, 教授 (20262735) ; 藤野 あゆみ 愛知県立大学, 看護学部, 教授 (00433227)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: 誤嚥性肺炎予防ケア / 特別養護老人ホーム

Outline of Final Research Achievements

A conceptual analysis was conducted on the competencies of nurses working in special nursing homes. The results revealed practical competencies required to maintain older adults’ health based on their characteristics, such as competencies related to aspiration prevention and easing feeding and swallowing dysfunction. Next, group interviews on aspiration prevention care practices were conducted with nursing and caregiver professionals working in special care homes. Eleven categories were identified regarding aspiration prevention care, such as [adjusting the food form to suit feeding and swallowing functions] and [adjusting the posture to stabilize the trunk in the cervical forward bending position]. Two categories were identified regarding the difficulties faced in aspiration prevention care, including [Difficulty dealing with the decline in feeding and swallowing functions in people with dementia and hearing loss].

Free Research Field

老年看護学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

特別養護老人ホームの高齢者が入院する要因疾患の１つに誤嚥性肺炎があり、誤嚥性肺炎予防ケアの質向上が求められている。特養の看護師のコンピテンシーの概念分析によって、摂食嚥下機能障害に対するケア、誤嚥予防に関する実践力の重要性を明らかにすることができ、インタビュー調査により誤嚥性肺炎の実践および困難内容を明らかにしたことは、看護師のコンピテンシーモデル開発の基礎資料とすることができたと考える。研究成果を実践能力育成につなげることで誤嚥性肺炎のリスク低減の一助となる。