2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Estimation of UV toxicity for the genome of skin with defective melanin synthesis and the elucidation of its mechanism
| Project/Area Number |
20K12158
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 63020:Radiation influence-related
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| Research Institution | Tohoku University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Keywords | メラニン / 紫外線 / 皮膚 / ゲノム毒性 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Melanin protects skin from a harmful genotoxic environmental agent, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), although some of its variations are assumed to become toxic in the interaction with UVR. This study developed an in vivo system to evaluate various types of melanin on the capacities of protection and sensitization for UVR hazard to skin, using genetically modified mice, whose skin is melanized with melanocytes populating to the epidermis. Using these mice, the skin with various types of melanin was examined for the sensitivities to UVB, and estimated quantitively the protection efficiencies of each types of melanin in terms of induced mutation frequencies in the epidermis and dermis.
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| Free Research Field |
紫外線生物学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
スキンタイプで示されるようにメラニン変異による皮膚色の多様性が紫外線感受性に影響している。ケルト系人種の「赤毛」に限らず、メラニン代謝系遺伝子変異は人種間・個人間の皮膚色の違いを生み出しており、日本人でも多様な遺伝子多型が知られ、紫外線感受性・皮膚がんリスクとの強い相関が報告されている。これを実験的に証明できる解析系を開発するところに本研究の学術的意義である。開発した系を利用することによりメラニンの多様性と紫外線感受性の相関関係を定量的に評価できるようになる点に社会的意義がある。
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