2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Democracy in American Higher Education in the 20th Century: Focusing on Different Meanings of "Community"
| Project/Area Number |
20K14038
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 09050:Tertiary education-related
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| Research Institution | Nihon University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Keywords | アメリカ高等教育 / デモクラシー / コミュニティ / ラーニング・コミュニティ / サービス・ラーニング / 新自由主義 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The most widely held belief in the United States regarding the relationship between democracy and higher education is that increasing access to higher education advances the idea of democracy. However, several theories and initiatives that do not fall under this broad view have emerged during the 20th century. For example, in the early 20th century, there were attempts to make the college community democratic, as seen at Goddard College, based on progressive principles. Furthermore, since the 1990s, there have been efforts to rebuild the concept of democracy in tandem with the economy, including the local community, despite considerable discussion on democracy in opposition to neoliberalism. The concept of democracy encourages a variety of experiments, while transforming the place of higher education into a community and forging relationships with the local community.
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| Free Research Field |
高等教育論
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
デモクラシーの理念は新自由主義的な改革に対抗するための言説として用いられることが少なくないが、20世紀アメリカ高等教育の展開を見てみると、それは限定的な理解であることがわかる。デモクラシーの理念は、大学運営や大学生活の在り方を問い直したり、地域コミュニティや社会一般と高等教育機関の関係を問い直したりするものとして機能してきた。デモクラシーの理念自体も、単に新自由主義や経済的な論理と対抗するための固定的なものとしてあるのではなく、周囲との粘り強く対話のなかで変化している。このようにデモクラシーを柔軟にすることは、あるべき高等教育像を検討するうえでの手がかりとなろう。
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