Effect of lipid sensor GPR120 on osteocyte-mediated bone metabolism and orthodontic tooth movement

2021 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K18748
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 57070:Developmental dentistry-related
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: Kishikawa Akiko 東北大学, 歯学研究科, 大学院非常勤講師 (10827273)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 破骨細胞 / GPR120 / DHA

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The present study was performed to investigate the influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and OTM in vivo. We examined osteoclast formation and bone resorption within the calvaria of both wild-type (WT) and G protein-coupled receptor 120-deficient (GPR120-KO) mice injected with PBS, TNF-α, TNF-α and DHA, or DHA. DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced osteo-clast formation and bone resorption in WT mice, but had no effect in GPR120-KO mice. OTM ex-periments were performed in both mouse strains with or without regular injection of DHA, and the effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in the alveolar bones during OTM were examined. DHA also suppressed OTM in WT but not GPR120-KO mice. These results showed that DHA suppresses TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption via GPR120. TNF-α plays a crucial role in OTM, and therefore DHA may inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in OTM.

Free Research Field

矯正歯科

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

近年、n-3系不飽和脂肪酸の受容体としてG-Protein Coupled Receptor 120(GPR120)が同定され、GPR120欠損マウスでは高脂肪食による肥満が生じることからGPR120が食事性の肥満に関与していることが明らかになった。また、肥満男性は骨強度が低下することから、肥満が骨代謝にも影響を与えている可能性が示唆された。本研究は矯正歯科での肥満患者における矯正治療の臨床的な指針に役立てることができると考えられる。また、GPR120の破骨細胞および骨細胞における影響を明らかにすることができれば、肥満と骨代謝の関係を明らかにすることができ、医学の発展に貢献できると考えられる。