Development of Resources Oriented Sanitation System Based on the Concept "Don't Mix" and "Don't Collect" Wastewater

2013 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 21226013
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Research Field: Civil and environmental engineering
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: FUNAMIZU NAOYUKI 北海道大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (10113622)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): TAKAHASHI Masahiro 北海道大学, 大学院工学研究院, 教授 (80355932) ; OHTAKI Masahiro お茶の水女子大学, 大学院人間文化創成科学研究科, 教授 (70272367) ; ISODA Hiroko 筑波大学, 大学院生命環境科学研究科, 教授 (00375429) ; USHIJIMA Ken 北海道大学, 大学院工学研究院, 特任助教 (20586721)
• Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha): KIMURA Katsuki 北海道大学, 大学院工学研究院, 准教授 (10292054) ; ITO Ryusei 北海道大学, 大学院工学研究院, 助教 (70374577) ; GUIZANI Mokhtar 北海道大学, サステイナビリティ学教育研究センター, 博士研究員 ; HAN Junkyu 筑波大学, 大学院生命環境科学研究科, 准教授 (40455928) ; KAKIMOTO Takashi 埼玉県環境科学国際センター, 主任 (00462747) ; ONODA Yu いであ株式会社, 環境創造研究所, 研究員
• Project Period (FY): 2009-05-11 – 2014-03-31
• Keywords: 水と衛生 / 排水分離 / 分散型 / 水循環 / 国際貢献

Research Abstract

The new resources oriented sanitation system based on the concept "Don't mix" and "Don't collect" wastewater is proposed in this study. The newly developed element technologies for the resource oriented systems for three situations (rural area and urban slum area in developing countries and a rural area in Japan) include 1) composting type toilet; 2) urine volume reduction ; 3) Nitrogen and Phosphorus recovery from urine; 4) farming technologies for wise reuse recovered urine and compost; 5) gray water reclamation; 6) bio-assay system for toxicity assessment of reclaimed water and 7) assessment method for evaluating inactivation level of pathogens in composting.
Material flow analysis on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and water has shown the feasibility of the newly developed system at the rural area in Burkina Faso and the urban slum in Indonesia.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Production of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer from urine (2013)
  • Author(s): Ito R., Takahashi E. and Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: Environmental Technology Volume: 34(20) Pages: 2813-2820
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Greywater Treatment By Slanted Soil System (2013)
  • Author(s): Ushijima K, Ito K, Ito R, Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: Ecological Engineering Volume: 50 Pages: 62-68
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia (2013)
  • Author(s): Ushijima K., Irie M., Sintawardani N., Triastuti J., Ishikawa T., Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering Volume: 7(1) Pages: 120-126
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Heat shock protein 47 stress responses in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to raw and reclaimed wastewater (2012)
  • Author(s): Guizani M., Nogoshi Y., Ben Fredj F., Han J., Isoda H. and Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: J. Environ. Monit Volume: 14 Pages: 492-498
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Assessment of wastewater-irrigated soil containing heavy metals and establishment of specific biomarkers (2012)
  • Author(s): Isoda H., Ben Fredj F., HAN J., IRIE M, Funamizu N. and Ghrabi A
  • Journal Title: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Volume: 84 Pages: 54-62
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Inactivation mechanisms of E. coli in the sawdust used in composting toilet (2012)
  • Author(s): Kazama S. and Otaki. M
  • Journal Title: Journal of water and Environ. Tech Volume: 10(4) Pages: 363-374
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Characterization of endotoxicindicative organic matter (2-keto-3deoxyoctulosonic acid) in rawand biologically treated domestic wastewater (2011)
  • Author(s): Guizani M., Dhahbi M. and Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: Water Research Volume: 45(1) Pages: 155-162
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Rational design of an onsitevolume reduction system for source-separated urine (2010)
  • Author(s): Masoom P., Ito R. and Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: EnvironmentalTechnology Volume: 31(4) Pages: 399-408
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 生活雑排水のオンサイト処理を想定した間欠流入下におけるMBRの処理特性 (2010)
  • Author(s): 牛島健,吉川宙希,A.P.Huelgas,伊藤竜生,船水尚行
  • Journal Title: 環境工学論文集 Volume: 47 Pages: 719-726
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] コンポスト型トイレにおける病原ウイルス指標 (2010)
  • Author(s): 風間しのぶ,大瀧雅寛
  • Journal Title: 土木学会論文集G Volume: 66 Pages: 179-186
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Control of algal production in high rate algal pond : investigation through batch and continuous experiments
  • Author(s): Derabe Maobe H., Onodera M., Takahashi M., Satoh H. and Fukazawa T
  • Journal Title: Water Science & Technology Volume: (in press)
  • DOI: 10.2166/wst2014.174
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Salts monitoring and management for human urine fertilization and treated greywater irrigation in sub-Sahel region
  • Author(s): Hijikata N., Fujii T., Sangare D., Sou M., Ushijima K., Funamizu N
  • Journal Title: Journal of Arid Land Studies Volume: (in press)
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Agro-sanitation system for effective use of water and nutrients : Case rural area in Burkina Faso (2013)
  • Author(s): Funamizu N
  • Organizer: 9th IWA international conference on water reclamation and reuse
  • Place of Presentation: Wined hock, Namibia
  • Year and Date: 20131028-29
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 持続可能な社会を支える資源回収型排水管理技術-アグロ・サニテーションによるBOPイノベーションを例に- (2013)
  • Author(s): 船水尚行
  • Organizer: 2013年中日韓グリーンテクノロジーフォーラム
  • Place of Presentation: 北京
  • Year and Date: 2013-11-15
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 「集めない」,「混ぜない」をコンセプトとした資源回収型排水処理技術とミレニアム開発目標達成への貢献 (2012)
  • Author(s): 船水 尚行
  • Organizer: 第25回環境工学連合講演会
  • Place of Presentation: 日本学術会議,東京
  • Year and Date: 20120412-13
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Resources Oriented Sanitation System for those area where Economic and Technical Limitations (2011)
  • Author(s): Funamizu N, Ushijima K
  • Organizer: Inter-country workshop on sanitation in cold climate countries
  • Place of Presentation: Ulaanbaatar, Mongol
  • Year and Date: 20111020-21
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Resources oriented sanitation system for those areas where economic and technical limitations (2011)
  • Author(s): Funamizu N
  • Organizer: 3rd International Congress Wastewater in Small Communities
  • Place of Presentation: Sevilla, Spain
  • Year and Date: 20110425-28
  • Invited
• [Remarks]
  • URL: http://www.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/labo/UBNWTRSE/project/kaken/index.htm
• [Remarks] 1. 2011年11月1,2日: The 8th International symposium on sustainable water and sanitation system part 2 をLIPI と共同でインドネシア・バンドンにて開催.参加者45 名. 主な公開行事(9回開催)
• [Remarks] 2. 2012年3月13-15日:第6回世界水フォーラムにてSustainable sanitation for rural and urban areas in Sahelian countries を開催.参加者40名.また,ブルキナファソ政府展示スペースでコンポストトイレを展示. 主な公開行事(9回開催)
• [Remarks] 3. 2013年6月TICAD V にてサイドイベント(Integrated Water Resource Management for Food Security),展示を実施.展示とその説明内容がYouTube にて公開されている. 主な公開行事(9回開催)
• [Remarks] 立命館慶尚高等学校にて, 2012年11月,2013年12月に2回公演.2012年12月北海道立札幌北高校,2014年1月に登別明日高校にて講演 高校生向講義(計4回)
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 尿中の窒素成分の固形状回収装置 (2010)
  • Inventor(s): 伊藤竜生,高橋恵理,船水尚行
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 北海道大学
  • Industrial Property Number: 特願2010-256364号
  • Filing Date: 2010-11-17
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 細胞及び評価方法(HSP90b) (2009)
  • Inventor(s): 礒田博子,森尾貴広,韓畯奎,船水尚行
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 筑波大学
  • Industrial Property Number: 特願2009-242760号
  • Filing Date: 2009-10-29