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2021 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Japanese low-consumptive wildlife tourism: meaning and morality in hybrid online-offline spaces

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21F20797
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

Edelheim Johan  北海道大学, メディア・コミュニケーション研究院, 特任教授 (00846305)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) CROSSLEY EMILIE  北海道大学, メディア・コミュニケーション研究院, 外国人特別研究員
Project Period (FY) 2021-07-28 – 2022-03-31
Keywordstourism / zoo / wildlife / red fox / cute / commodification / multispecies / ethnography
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

The research explores how wildlife tourism in Japan is responding to increasing consumer pressure for close, embodied encounters with captive animals. Through a multi-sited, multispecies ethnography of Ezo red foxes at five zoos, the research analysed commodified ‘fox hugs’ and feeding encounters that satisfy tourists’ desires for wildlife selfies, feelings of iyashi and social capital. These practices have raised animal welfare concerns among some tourists and observations of the foxes’ behaviour indicate that these concerns may be justified. The research concludes that more ethical iyashi experiences can be derived from captive wildlife viewing at close proximity in which the animals are not subjected to forced physical contact with tourists or made to compete for food.

Research Progress Status

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (9 results)

All 2022 2021

All Journal Article (1 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 1 results) Presentation (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results) Book (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] The role of catteries and boarding kennels in enabling tourist mobility2022

    • Author(s)
      de Bernardi, Cecilia, Edelheim, Johan, & Crossley, Emilie
    • Journal Title

      Tourism Culture & Communication

      Volume: Ahead-of-print Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.3727/109830422X16420405391961

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Wildlife touching untouched by COVID-19: The case of ‘fox hugs’ in Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Organizer
      CAUTHE 2022: Shaping the Next Normal in Tourism, Hospitality and Events
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] What does the fox say? Foregrounding vulpine voices in Japanese wildlife tourism2022

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Organizer
      Emerging Voices for Animals in Tourism Virtual Conference
  • [Presentation] Rethinking animal tourism: A multispecies research approach2022

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Organizer
      CTR International Tourism Research Salon, Wakayama University, Japan
  • [Presentation] Naming Ezo red foxes in Japanese zoos: The ethics of constructing animal personhood2021

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Organizer
      Reframing Anthrozoology as Symbiotic Ethics, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
  • [Presentation] Towards a multidimensional systems model of International Service Learning in an era of uncertainty2021

    • Author(s)
      Mullens, M., Roodt, H., Mann, S., & Crossley, Emilie
    • Organizer
      Capable NZ Professional Practice Symposium, Otago Polytechnic, New Zealand
  • [Book] Global Tourism and COVID-19: Implications for Theory and Practice (Ecological grief generates desire for environmental healing in tourism after COVID-19, pp. 82-92).2022

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Total Pages
      11
    • Publisher
      Routledge
    • ISBN
      9781032121369
  • [Book] Professional practice review of learning. In J. R. Edelheim, M. Joppe & J. Flaherty (Eds.). Teaching tourism: Innovative, values-based learning experiences for transformative practices (pp. 286-288)2022

    • Author(s)
      Crossley, Emilie
    • Total Pages
      3
    • Publisher
      Edward Elgar
    • ISBN
      9781800374553
  • [Book] Professionalism. In J. R. Edelheim, M. Joppe & J. Flaherty (Eds.). Teaching tourism: Innovative, values-based learning experiences for transformative practices (pp. 107-114).2022

    • Author(s)
      Joppe, M., Edelheim, J., Flaherty, J., Bommenel, E., Camargo, B. A., Clausen, H. B., Crossley, E., Ek, R., Kugapi, O., Miller, M. C., Reid, S., Rodenburg, K., & Turnsek, M.
    • Total Pages
      8
    • Publisher
      Edward Elgar
    • ISBN
      9781800374553

URL: 

Published: 2022-12-28  

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